La influencia de la heterogeneidad ambiental en la diversidad morfológica y genética de Circaea lutetiana (Onagraceae) en los bosques hircanos
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.3989/ajbm.2562Palabras clave:
Bosques hircanos, Circaea lutetiana, diversidad genética, flujo genético, heterogeneidad ambientalResumen
Los gradientes ambientales son factores importantes que pueden influir potencialmente en la diversidad genética y la diferenciación de las poblaciones. El presente estudio examina el efecto de la heterogeneidad ambiental de los bosques hircanos en las poblaciones de Circaea lutetiana L. (Onagraceae). Mediante un estudio morfométrico, microscopía electrónica de barrido (SEM) de la epidermis foliar y marcadores moleculares, analizamos la diversidad genética y la diferenciación entre nueve poblaciones de hábitats ambientalmente divergentes. Se observaron tres grupos genéticos diferentes. Nuestros resultados indicaron que la estructura genética se correlacionó significativamente con los factores ambientales, pero no con la distancia geográfica. La agrupación genética en C. lutetiana se vio afectada por la temperatura, la humedad, la elevación y la precipitación media anual. Nuestros datos indican que el flujo de genes no contribuye a explicar los patrones espaciales de la estructura genética y que la adaptación al medio ambiente es el factor principal que da forma a la estructura genética de las poblaciones de C. lutetiana. Las poblaciones que pertenecen a cada uno de los tres grupos genéticos tienen similitudes en términos de parámetros de microclima, a pesar de su proximidad geográfica, y poblaciones del mismo grupo genético pueden estar separadas hasta por 470 km. Esta evidencia, así como las similitudes morfológicas y genéticas de las poblaciones con mayor separación geográica, sugieren la posibilidad de especiación críptica en esta especie.
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