La comunidad macrofúngica y su diversidad en los bosques de roble (Quercus petraea y Q. robur) de Irlanda
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https://doi.org/10.3989/ajbm.2292Palabras clave:
Fungi, ectomicorrizas, grupos funcionales, descomponedor, biogeografíaResumen
Las especies de Quercus petraea y Q. Robur se encuentran en bosques de Irlanda y regiones de influencia atlántica de Europa Occidental. Estos bosques, típicamente ricos en especies de plantas, presentan una abundante micobiota. Este estudio examina la diversidad de macromicetes en cinco bosques naturales de roble en Irlanda durante un periodo de tres años. En total se registraron 94 especies pertenecientes a 39 géneros, siendo Mycena, Lactarius, Russula y Cortinarius los de mayor presencia. La curva de acumulación de especies no mostró signos de nivelación, por lo que un mayor muestreo podría revelar la presencia de otras especies. La estimación de la riqueza de las especies usando Chao2 indicó que en el conjunto de las áreas estudiadas podrían aparecer hasta 135, con una media estimada de 19 a 61 especies por área. Un análisis de rarefacción no mostró diferencias significativas entre la riqueza de especies de macromicetes de las áreas estudiadas. Las especies más comunes fueron Laccaria amethystina, L. laccata, Stereum hirsutum, Armillaria mellea y Cortinarius flexipes. Nuestros resultados fueron muy similares a los de las comunidades del Reino Unido; sin embargo, algunos bosques de robles del Reino Unido presentaban especies de la familia Boletaceae ausentes en los bosques de robles irlandeses. Presentamos la hipótesis de que la histórica deforestación sufrida en Irlanda causó una reducción de los hábitat adecuados para los macromicetes asociados a los robles irlandeses, dando lugar a la micota inespecífica encontrada en los bosques de roble estudiados. También se realiza un breve comentario acerca de las amenazas a los bosques de roble en Irlanda.
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