A comparative karyological study of Helianthemum (Cistaceae): karyotype size, karyotype symmetry and evolution of chromosome number

Sara Martín Hernanz; Rafael González Albaladejo; Encarnación Rubio Pérez; Polina Volkova; Mohamed Djamel Miara; Deniz Ulukuș; Mehmet  Sezgin; Abelardo Aparicio Martínez

doi:10.3989/ajbm.576

Authors

Sara Martín Hernanz Departamento de Biología Vegetal y Ecología, Universidad de Sevilla - Royal Botanic Gardens https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9881-9919
Rafael González Albaladejo Departamento de Biología Vegetal y Ecología, Universidad de Sevilla https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0919-3545
Encarnación Rubio Pérez Departamento de Biología Vegetal y Ecología, Universidad de Sevilla https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0957-8581
Polina Volkova Papanin Institute for Biology of Inland Waters, Russian Academy of Sciences https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3534-5792
Mohamed Djamel Miara Faculty of Nature and Life Sciences, Laboratory of Agro-Biotechnology and Nutrition in Semi-arid Areas, Ibn Khaldoun University of Tiaret https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7610-5277
Deniz Ulukuș Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Selçuk University https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9627-5492
Mehmet Sezgin Biology Department, Faculty of Science, Çankırı Karatekin University https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7053-0371
Abelardo Aparicio Martínez Departamento de Biología Vegetal y Ecología, Universidad de Sevilla https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7122-4421

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.3989/ajbm.576

Keywords:

ChromEvol, comparative cytogenetics, karyotype, plant cytotaxonomy

Abstract

In this study we assessed karyotype size and symmetry for a comprehensive taxonomic and geographic representation of Helianthemum and reconstructed chromosome number evolution in the genus. Using root tips, we photographed mitotic metaphase spreads to obtain chromosome number, total haploid (monoploid) length of the chromosome set (THL), karyotype formula, Stebbins’ classification of karyotype asymmetry, interchromosomal coefficient of variation of chromosome length (CV_CL) and intrachromosomal mean centromeric asymmetry (M_CA) using MATO (Measurement and Analysis Tools). We found that shifts in chromosome number are not a major driver in the evolution of Helianthemum, whose chromosome number evolved at a constant rate of single chromosome gain or loss. Karyotype asymmetry is very low and little variable in all taxonomic categories studied, with a predominance of metacentric and submetacentric small to medium-sized chromosomes about 3 μm at the genus level. However, total karyotype length varies from 16.91 μm to 47.84 μm at the species level, with a cytogenetic signature that is not conserved within subgenera and most sections. Overall, H. subg. Plectolobum shows both the longest and the most symmetrical karyotypes. We hypothesize that the variation in karyotype size in Helianthemum is likely a consequence of chromosome rearrangements that have occurred under selective pressures.

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