Plantas silvestres comestibles en la provincia de Ağrı, Turquía oriental
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.3989/ajbm.2554Palabras clave:
Etnobotánica, modos de uso, nombres locales, plantas silvestres, verdurasResumen
Las plantas silvestres comestibles que se encuentran alrededor de Ağrı siguen siendo importantes para la alimentación y la economía local. Estas plantas son recolectadas por la población local y vendidas en el mercado en primavera. El interés por las plantas silvestres comestibles ha aumentado debido a la creciente demanda de alimentos orgánicos y naturales. En este estudio se realizaron 350 entrevistas cara a cara entre abril de 2016 y octubre de 2017 a habitantes de la región de Ağrı (7 distritos, 35 pueblos). Se analizaron y documentaron las especies empleadas, la partes comestibles y sus modos de preparación, conservación y consumo. La mayoría se consumen, pero también se toman crudas. También se procesan en forma de conservas, se secan o se congelan. Las 100 especies registradas pertenecen a 25 familias y se usan como verduras (91), condimentos (19), bebidas (16), órganos subterráneos (5), frutos (3), semillas (3 ) y exudados (2). Según su importancia cultural, las plantas más importantes son: Amaranthus retroflexus, Beta trigyna, Gundelia tournefortii, Mentha longifolia, Polygonum persicaria, Rumex scutatus, Tragopogon porrifolius subsp. longirostris, y Urtica dioica. Las hojas y brotes jóvenes son las partes más utilizadas. Estos resultados muestran que las plantas silvestres comestibles todavía son muy conocidas y utilizadas por la población local de Ağrı como fuente de alimento. Además, los datos recopilados sobre estas plantas podrían usarse para futuras investigaciones sobre sus contenidos nutricionales, ya que tienen el potencial de convertirse en valiosas fuentes de nutrientes.
Descargas
Citas
Ahmad S.A. & Askari A.A. 2015. Ethnobotany of the Hawraman region of Kurdistan Iraq. Harvard Papers in Botany 20: 85-9. https://doi.org/10.3100/hpib.v20iss1.2015.n8
Abbet C., Mayor R., Roguet D., Spichiger R., Hamburger M. & Potterat, O. 2014. Ethnobotanical survey on wild alpine food plants in lower and central Valais (Switzerland). Journal of Ethnopharmacology 151: 624-634. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2013.11.022 PMid:24269246
Akgül A., Akgül A., Şenol S.G., Yıldırım H., Seçmen Ö. & Doğan Y. 2018. An ethnobotanical study in Midyat (Turkey), a city on the silk road where cultures meet. Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine 14: 12. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13002-017-0201-8 PMid:29415748 PMCid:PMC5804065
Akan H., Korkut M.M. & Balos M.M. 2008. An ethnobotanical study around Arat Mountain and its surroundings (Birecik, Sanlıurfa). Fırat University Journal of Science and Engineering 20: 67-81.
Arı S., Temel M., Kargıoğlu M. & Konuk M. 2015. Ethnobotanical survey of plants used in Afyonkarahisar-Turkey. Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine 11: 84. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13002-015-0067-6 PMid:26701098 PMCid:PMC4690277
Baytop T. 1999. Herbal medicine in Turkey, past and present. İstanbul: Nobel Tıp Kitabevleri Yayınları (in Turkish).
Behre K.E. 2008. Collected seeds and fruits from herbs as prehistoric food. Vegetation History and Archaeobotany 17: 65-73. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00334-007-0106-x
Bharucha Z. & Pretty J. 2010. The roles and values of wild foods in agricultural systems. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 365: 2913-2926. https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2010.0123 PMid:20713393 PMCid:PMC2935111
Blanco-Salas J., Gutiérrez-García L., Labrador-Moreno J. & Ruiz-Téllez T. 2019. Wild plants potentially used in human food in the Protected Area "Sierra Grande de Hornachos" of Extremadura (Spain). Sustainability 11: 456. https://doi.org/10.3390/su11020456
Block G. 1991. Dietary guidelines and the results of food consumption surveys. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 53: 356S-357S. https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/53.1.356S PMid:1985410
Çakılcıoğlu U. & Turkoglu I. 2010. An ethnobotanical survey of medicinal plants in Sivrice (Elazığ-Turkey). Journal of Ethnopharmacology 132: 165-175. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2010.08.017 PMid:20713142
Çakılcıoğlu U., Şengün M.T. & Türkoğlu İ. 2010. An ethnobotanical survey of medicinal plants of Yazıkonak and Yurtbaşı districts of Elazığ province, Turkey. Journal of Medicinal Plants Research 4: 567-572.
Couladis M., Tzakou O., Verykokidou E. & Harvala C. 2003. Screening of some Greek aromatic plants for antioxidant activity. Phytotherapy Research 17: 194-195. https://doi.org/10.1002/ptr.1261 PMid:12601688
Davis P.H. (ed.). 1965-1985. Flora of Turkey and the East Aegean Islands, vol. 1-9. Edinburgh University Press, Edinburgh.
Davis P.H., Mill R.R., Tan K. (eds.). 1988. Flora of Turkey and the East Aegean Islands, vol. 10. Edinburgh University Press, Edinburgh.
Demir F. & Özcan M. 2001. Chemical and technological properties of rose (Rosa canina L.) fruits grown wild in Turkey. Journal of Food Engineering 47: 333-336. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0260-8774(00)00129-1
Ertuğ, F. 2004. Wild edible plants of the Bodrum area (Muğla, Turkey). Turkish Journal of Botany 28: 161-174.
Ezer N. & Arisan Ö.M. 2006. Folk medicines in Merzifon (Amasya, Turkey). Turkish Journal of Botany 30: 223-230.
Gümüş İ. 1994. The local names and uses of some useful plants grown in Ağrı Province (Ağrı Yöresinde Yetişen Bazı Faydalı Bitkilerin Yerel Adları ve Kullanışları). Turkish Journal of Botany 18: 107-112. (In Turkish)
Grivetti L.E. 1981. Cultural nutrition: Anthropological and geographical themes. Annual Review of Nutrition 1: 47-68. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.nu.01.070181.000403 PMid:6764724
Guil Guerrero J.L., Giménez Martinez J.J. & Torija Isasa M.E. 1998. Mineral nutrient composition of edible wild plants. Journal of Food Composition and Analysis 11: 322-328. https://doi.org/10.1006/jfca.1998.0594
Hasler C.M. 2002. Functional foods: benefits, concerns and challenges a position paper from the American Council on Science and Health. The Journal of Nutrition 132: 3772-3781. https://doi.org/10.1093/jn/132.12.3772 PMid:12468622
Heinrich M., Müller W.E. & Galli C. (eds.). 2006. Local Mediterranean food plants and nutraceuticals (Vol. 59). Karger Medical and Scientific Publishers. https://doi.org/10.1159/isbn.978-3-318-01352-8
Hummer K.E. 2013. Manna in winter: indigenous Americans, huckleberries, and blueberries. Hortscience 48: 413-417. https://doi.org/10.21273/HORTSCI.48.4.413
Johns T. 1986. Chemical selection in Andean domesticated tubers as a model for the acquisition of empirical plant knowledge. In Etkin N. (ed.), Plants in indigenous medicine and diet: Behavioural approaches (pp. 266-288). New York: Redgrave. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315060385-16
Kalle R. & Soukand R. 2013. Wild plants eaten in childhood: a retrospective of Estonia in the 1970s-1990s. Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 172: 239-253. https://doi.org/10.1111/boj.12051
Khanzadeh F., Haddad Khodaparast M.H., Elhami Rad A.H., Rahmani F. 2012. Physiochemical properties of Gundelia tournefortii L. seed oil. Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology 14: 1535-1542.
Karaaslan Ö., Çöteli E. & Karataş F. 2014. Investigation of amounts of A, E, C vitamins with malondialdehyde and glutathione in plant Gundelia tournefortii. Erzincan Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi 7-2: 159-68. https://doi.org/10.18185/eufbed.44500
Kargıoğlu M., Cenkci S., Serteser A., Evliyaoğlu N., Konuk M., Kök M.Ş. & Bağcı Y. 2008. An ethnobotanical survey of inner-West Anatolia, Turkey. Human Ecology 36: 763-777. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10745-008-9198-x
Kırbağ S. & Zengin F. 2006. Antimicrobial activities of some medical plants in Elazığ region. Yüzüncü Yıl University Journal of Agricultural Sciences 16: 77-80.
Kadıoğlu Z., Çukadar K., Kandemir A., Kalkan N.N., Vurgun H. & Dönderalp V. 2020. Kars İlinde Sebze Olarak Tüketilen Yabani Bitki Türlerinin Tespiti ve Kullanım Şekilleri. Anadolu Ege Tarımsal Araştırma Enstitüsü Dergisi 30: 11-32. https://doi.org/10.18615/anadolu.727146
Kadıoğlu Z., Çukadar K., Kandemir A., Aslay M., Kalkan N.N., Vurgun H. & Ertürk N. 2016. Erzincan ve Erzurum illerinde sebze olarak tüketilen yabani bitki türlerinin tespiti ve kullanım şekilleri. Uluslararası Erzincan Sempozyumu. 28 Eylül-01 Ekim 2016. Erzincan. s. 855-877.
Kadıoğlu Z., Çukadar K., Kandemir A., Kalkan N.N., Vurgun H. & Dönderalp V. 2020. Kars İlinde Sebze Olarak Tüketilen Yabani Bitki Türlerinin Tespiti ve Kullanım Şekilleri. ANADOLU Ege Tarımsal Araştırma Enstitüsü Dergisi 30 11-32. https://doi.org/10.18615/anadolu.727146
Leonti M., Nebel S., Rivera D. & Heinrich M. 2006. Wild gathered food plants in the European Mediterranean: a comparative analysis. Economic Botany 60: 130-142. https://doi.org/10.1663/0013-0001(2006)60[130:WGFPIT]2.0.CO;2
Łukasz Ł., Zovko Končić M., Miličević T., Dolina K. & Pandža M. 2013. Wild vegetable mixes sold in the markets of Dalmatia (southern Croatia). Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine 9: 2. https://doi.org/10.1186/1746-4269-9-2 PMid:23286393 PMCid:PMC3554486
Millenium Ecosystem Assessment. 2005. Ecosystems and Human Well-being: A Framework for Assessment. Island Press, Washington, D.C., USA.
Martin G.J. 2014. Ethnobotany: a methods manual. Springer.
Mehmet Ö.Z., Baltacı C. & Deniz İ. 2018. Gümüşhane Yöresi Kuşburnu (Rosa canina L.) ve Siyah Kuşburnu (Rosa pimpinellifolia L.) Meyvelerinin C Vitamini ve Şeker Analizleri. Gümüşhane Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi 8: 284-292.
Nebel S. 2001. Arbereshe taste perception of wild food plants. Thesis M.Sc. in Ethnobotany, University of Kent at Canterbury.
Nebel S., Pieroni A. & Heinrich M. 2006. Ta chòrta: wild edible greens used in the Graecanic area in Calabria, Southern Italy. Appetite 47: 333-342. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.appet.2006.05.010 PMid:16843569
Ogle B.M., Tuyet H.T., Duyet H.N. & Dung N.N.X. 2003. Food, feed or medicine: the multiple functions of edible wild plants in Vietnam. Economic Botany 57: 103-117. https://doi.org/10.1663/0013-0001(2003)057[0103:FFOMTM]2.0.CO;2
Özgen U. & Kaya Y. 2004. Ethnobotanical studies in the villages of the district of Ilica (Province Erzurum), Turkey. Economic Botany 58: 691-696. https://doi.org/10.1663/0013-0001(2004)058[0691:ESITVO]2.0.CO;2
Özgökçe F. & Özçelik H.A.S.A.N. 2004. Ethnobotanical aspects of some taxa in East Anatolia, Turkey. Economic Botany 58: 697. https://doi.org/10.1663/0013-0001(2004)058[0697:EAOSTI]2.0.CO;2
Öztürk M. & Dinç M. 2005. Ethnobotanical features of Nizip (Aksaray) district. The Herb Journal of Systematic Botany 12: 93-102.
Pardo-de-Santayana M., Tardío J., Blanco E., Carvalho A.M., Lastra J.J., San Miguel E. & Morales R. 2007. Traditional knowledge of wild edible plants used in the northwest of the Iberian Peninsula (Spain and Portugal): a comparative study. Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine 3: 27. https://doi.org/10.1186/1746-4269-3-27 PMid:17555572 PMCid:PMC1904191
Pardo-de-Santayana M., Tardío J. & Morales R. 2005. The gathering and consumption of wild edible plants in the Campoo (Cantabria, Spain). International Journal of Food Sciences and Nutrition 56: 529-542. https://doi.org/10.1080/09637480500490731 PMid:16503563
Pieroni A. 2008. Local plant resources in the ethnobotany of Theth, a village in the Northern Albanian Alps. Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution 55: 1197-1214. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10722-008-9320-3
Pieroni A., Janiak V., Dürr C.M., Lüdeke S., Trachsel E. & Heinrich M. 2002. In vitro antioxidant activity of non-cultivated vegetables of ethnic Albanians in southern Italy. Phytotherapy Research 16: 467-473. https://doi.org/10.1002/ptr.1243 PMid:12203269
Pieroni A., Nebel S., Quave C., Munz H. & Heinrich M. 2002. Ethnopharmacology of liakra: traditional weedy vegetables of the Arbereshe of the Vulture area in southern Italy. Journal of Ethnopharmacology 81: 165-185. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-8741(02)00052-1
Pieroni A., Ahmed H.M. & Zahir H. 2017. The spring has arrived: traditional wild vegetables gathered by Yarsanis (Ahl-e Haqq) and Sunni Muslims in Western Hawraman, SE Kurdistan (Iraq). Acta Societatis Botanicorum Poloniae 86: 3519. https://doi.org/10.5586/asbp.3519
Reyes-García V., Menendez-Baceta G., Aceituno-Mata L., Acosta-Naranjo R., Calvet-Mir L., Domínguez P., Garnatje T., Gómez-Baggethun E., Molina- Bustamante M., Molina M., Rodríguez-Franco R., Serrasolses G., Vallès J. & Pardo-de-Santayana M. 2015. From famine foods to delicatessen: Interpreting trends in the use of wild edible plants through cultural ecosystem services. Ecological Economics 120: 303-311. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolecon.2015.11.003
Rivera D., Obón C., Inocencio C., Heinrich M., Verde A., Fajardo J. & Palazón J.A. 2007. Gathered food plants in the mountains of Castilla-La Mancha (Spain): ethnobotany and multivariate analysis. Economic Botany 61: 269. https://doi.org/10.1663/0013-0001(2007)61[269:GFPITM]2.0.CO;2
Sarper F., Akaydin G., Şimşek I. & Yeşilada E. 2009. An ethnobotanical field survey in the Haymana district of Ankara province in Turkey. Turkish Journal of Biology 33: 79-88.
Satıl F., Akçiçek E. & Selvi S. 2008. An ethnobotanical study in Madra Mountain (Balıkesir-İzmir) and vicinity. Research Journal of Biology Sciences 1: 31-36.
Schulp C.J., Thuiller W. & Verburg P.H. 2014. Wild food in Europe: A synthesis of knowledge and data of terrestrial wild food as an ecosystem service. Ecological Economics 105: 292-305. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolecon.2014.06.018
Simsek I., Aytekin F., Yesilada E. & Yildirimli Ş. 2004. An ethnobotanical survey of the Beypazari, Ayas, and Güdül district towns of Ankara Province (Turkey). Economic Botany 58: 705-720. https://doi.org/10.1663/0013-0001(2004)058[0705:AESOTB]2.0.CO;2
Tapsell L.C., Hemphill I., Cobiac L., Sullivan D.R., Fenech M., Roodenrys S., Keogh J.B., Clifton P.M., Williams P.G., Fazio V.A. & Inge K.E. 2006. Health benefits of herbs and spices: the past, the present, the future. Medical Journal of Australia 185(S4): S1-S24. https://doi.org/10.5694/j.1326-5377.2006.tb00548.x PMid:17022438
Tardío J. & Pardo-de-Santayana M. 2008. Cultural importance indices: a comparative analysis based on the useful wild plants of Southern Cantabria (Northern Spain). Economic Botany 62: 24-39. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12231-007-9004-5
Tardío J., Pardo-de-Santayana M. & Morales R. 2006. Ethnobotanical review of wild edible plants in Spain. Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 152: 27-71. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8339.2006.00549.x
Tarwadi K. & Agte V. 2003. Potential of commonly consumed green leafy vegetables for their antioxidant capacity and its linkage with the micronutrient profile. International Journal of Food Sciences and Nutrition 54: 417-425. https://doi.org/10.1080/09637480310001622297 PMid:14522687
Trichopoulou A., Vasilopoulou E., Hollman P., Chamalides C., Foufa E., Kaloudis T., Kromhout D., Miskaki P., Petrochilou I., Poulima E., Stafilakis K. & Theophilou D. 2000. Nutritional composition and flavonoid content of edible wild greens and green pies: A potential rich source of antioxidant nutrients in the Mediterranean diet. Food Chemistry 70: 319-323. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0308-8146(00)00091-1
Tumino R., Frasca G., Giurdanella M.C., Lauria C. & Krogh V. 2002. Consumption of wild vegetables in the EPIC cohort of Ragusa (Sicily). In Riboli E. & Lambert R. (eds.), Nutrition and lifestyle: Opportunities for cancer prevention (pp. 115-116). Lyon: International Agency for Research on Cancer.
Turner N.J. & Turner K. 2008. "Where our women used to get the food": cumulative effects and loss of ethnobotanical knowledge and practice; case study from coastal British Columbia. Botany 86: 103-115. https://doi.org/10.1139/B07-020
Ugulu I., Baslar S., Yorek N. & Dogan Y. 2009. The investigation and quantitative ethnobotanical evaluation of medicinal plants used around Izmir province, Turkey. Journal of Medicinal Plants Research 3: 345-367.
Yeşil Y. & Akalın E. 2010. The use of edible plants in Kürecik (Akçadağ/ Malatya). Turkish Journal of Pharmaceutical Science 41: 90-103.
Yeşil Y., Çelik M. & Yılmaz B. 2019. Wild edible plants in Yeşilli (Mardin-Turkey), a multicultural area. Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine 15: 52. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13002-019-0327-y PMid:31690334 PMCid:PMC6833206
Yücel E. & Tülükoglu A. 2000. Plants used as folk medicine in and around Gediz (Kütahya). Ekoloji 9: 12-14.
Zeghichi S., Kallithraka S., Simopoulos A.P. & Kypriotakis Z. 2003. Nutritional composition of selected wild plants in the diet of Crete. In Simopoulos A.P. & Gopalan C. (eds.), Plants in human health and nutrition policy, Vol. 91: 22-40. Basel: Karger. https://doi.org/10.1159/000069928 PMid:12747086
Publicado
Cómo citar
Número
Sección
Licencia
Derechos de autor 2020 Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)
Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución 4.0.
© CSIC. Los originales publicados en las ediciones impresa y electrónica de esta Revista son propiedad del Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, siendo necesario citar la procedencia en cualquier reproducción parcial o total.
Salvo indicación contraria, todos los contenidos de la edición electrónica se distribuyen bajo una licencia de uso y distribución “Creative Commons Reconocimiento 4.0 Internacional ” (CC BY 4.0). Consulte la versión informativa y el texto legal de la licencia. Esta circunstancia ha de hacerse constar expresamente de esta forma cuando sea necesario.
No se autoriza el depósito en repositorios, páginas web personales o similares de cualquier otra versión distinta a la publicada por el editor.
