Mapa de riesgo de invasión de macrófitos acuáticos exóticos de la Península Ibérica
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.3989/ajbm.2452Palabras clave:
Ecosistemas acuáticos continentales, especies exóticas, factores bioclimáticos, factores socioeconómicos, invasiones biológicas, mapa de evaluación de riesgos, MaxEnt, modelos de nicho ecológico, modelos de distribución de especies, plantas acuáticasResumen
Los sistemas acuáticos son especialmente susceptibles a los organismos exóticos debido a su elevada fragilidad y a los impactos que provocan estas especies en este tipo de hábitats. Los modelos de distribución de especies, basados en variables ambientales y socioeconómicas, facilitan la identificación de las áreas más vulnerables ante la expansión de especies exóticas. Se utilizó MaxEnt para predecir la distribución potencial de 20 macrofitos exóticos en la Península Ibérica. Algunas de las variables estudiadas, como la estacionalidad de la temperatura y la precipitación del cuatrimestre más seco, ponen en evidencia la importancia de los factores climáticos en su distribución. Además, la influencia humana en el territorio se presenta como una variable clave en la distribución de las especies estudiadas. El modelo obtenido discrimina claramente entre áreas favorables y desfavorables con mucha precisión. Se utilizó el modelo para construir un mapa de riesgo de invasión de macrófitos acuáticos para la Península Ibérica que incluyó los resultados de 20 modelos individuales y que muestra que las áreas más vulnerables son las zonas cercanas al mar, las cuencas de los grandes ríos y las zonas con una alta densidad de población. Estos resultados vinculan la importancia del impacto humano en la colonización y la distribución de los macrófitos acuáticos exóticos en la Península Ibérica y, más concretamente, con la Revolución Verde de finales de la década de los setenta. Nuestro trabajo enfatiza la utilidad de los modelos de distribución de especies para la prevención y gestión de invasiones biológicas.
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