Comparación de la flora exótica vascular en sistemas de islas continentales: Cerdeña (Italia) y Baleares (España)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.3989/ajbm.2251Palabras clave:
biogeografía, conservación, especies exóticas, invasiones, MediterráneoResumen
Se presenta un estudio comparativo de la flora vascular exótica de Cerdeña y de las Baleares, dos sistemas insulares pertenecientes a la subregión biogeográfica Mediterránea Occidental. En Cerdeña se han contabilizado 531 táxones exóticos (18,8% del total de su flora), mientras que en las Baleares 360 (19%), siendo 10 citas nuevas para Cerdeña (3 de las cuales para Italia) y 29 para Baleares. La flora exótica de Cerdeña está incluida en 99 familias, y Fabaceae es la más rica (49 táxones), seguida por Poaceae (33) y Asteraceae (31), frente a 90 familias para las Baleares, con predominio de Fabaceae (32), Asteraceae (31) y Poaceae (27). Se han encontrado diferencias respecto a los tipos biológicos, con un predominio de los fanerófitos en Cerdeña y de los terófitos en las Baleares. Un análisis detallado muestra que buena parte de estos táxones (246) son compartidos por ambos territorios, así como una dominancia de los neófitos frente a los arqueófitos. Respecto al origen geográfico, ambos territorios presentan una preeminencia del elemento americano sobre el mediterráneo. En referencia a las vías de introducción, la mayor parte de los táxones ha sido introducida por parte del hombre de forma intencionada (76% SA, 77% BL) en particular para uso ornamental (43% SA, 45% BL). Los hábitats más afectados son los seminaturales, agrícolas y sinantrópicos en ambos territorios, aunque atendiendo a la flora invasora, son los litorales los más sensibles en Cerdeña y los humedales en Baleares. Una parte del trabajo aborda las causas de la fragilidad y baja resiliencia de los diferentes hábitats.
Descargas
Citas
Álvarez, W. 1972. Rotation of Corsica-Sardinia microplate. Nature 235: 103-105.
Bacchetta, G. & Pontecorvo, C. 2005. Contribution to the knowledge of the endemic vascular flora of Iglesiente (SW Sardinia-Italy). Candollea 60: 481-501.
Bacchetta, G., Bagella, S., Biondi, E., Farris, E., Filigheddu, R. & Mossa, L. 2009a. Vegetazione forestale e serie di vegetazione della Sardegna (con rappresentazione cartografica alla scala 1:350.000). Fitosociologia suppl. 1, 46: 3-82.
Bacchetta, G., Dettori, C.A., Mascia, F., Meloni, F. & Podda, L. 2010. Assessing the potential invasiveness of Cortaderia selloana in Sardinian wetlands through seed germination study. Plant Biosystems 144, 3: 518-527. doi:10.1080/11263500903403465
Bacchetta, G., Mascia, F., Mayoral García-Berlanga, O. & Podda, L. 2008. Dati preliminari sulla flora aliena delle aree umide della Sardegna (Italia). Memorie Società Italiana Scienze Naturali e Museo Civico Storia Naturale di Milano 36: 41.
Bacchetta, G., Mayoral García-Berlanga, O. & Podda, L. 2009b. Catálogo de la flora exótica de Cerdeña (Italia). Flora Montiberica 41,1: 35-61.
Bazos, I., Kokkoris, Y., Zikos, A., Andriopoulos, P., Delipetrou, P., Georghiou, K., Yannitsaros, A. & Arianoutsou, M. 2009. The alien vascular flora of Greece: Floristic analysis and chorology. Bocconea 23: 281-284.
Blasi, C., Pretto, F. & Celesti-Grapow, L. 2008. La watch-list della flora alloctona d’Italia. Memorie Società Italiana Scienze Naturali e Museo Civico Storia Naturale di Milano 36: 7-8.
Blondel, J. & Médail, F. 2009. Biodiversity and conservation. In: Woodward, J.C. (ed.), The Physical Geography of the Mediterranean: 615-650. Oxford University Press. Oxford.
Bolòs, O., Molinier, R. & Montserrat, P. 1970. Observations phytosociologiques dans l’île de Minorque. Acta Geobotanica Barcinonensia 5: 1-150.
Brundu, G., Camarda, I., Hulme, P.E., Vilà, M., Troumbis, A., Traveset, A., Moragues, E. & Suehs, C. 2004. Comparative analysis of the abundance and distribution of alien plants on Mediterranean islands. Proceedings 10th MEDECOS, International Conference Ecology Conservation and Management of Mediterranean Climate Ecosystems: 1-9. Rhodes. Greece.
Brundu, G., Camarda, I., Hulme, P.E., Vilà, M., Troumbis, A., Traveset, A., Moragues, E. & Suhes, C.M. 2004. Comparative analysis of the abundance and distribution of alien plants on Mediterranean islands. In: Arianoutsou, M. & Papanastasis, V. (eds.), Ecology, Conservation and Management of Mediterranean Climate Ecosystems. Proceedings 10th MEDECOS Conference, 25 April - 1 May 2004, Rhodes, Greece: 1-9. Millipress. Rotterdam.
Brunel, S. & Tison, J.M. 2005. A method of selection and hierarchization of the invasive and potentially invasive plants in continental Mediterranean. In: Brunel, S. (ed.), Invasive plants in Mediterranean type regions of the world. Proceedings, Mèze (France), 25-27 May 2005: 49-63. Environmental Encounters Series 59. Council of Europe Publishing. Strasbourg.
Celesti-Grapow, L., Pretto, F., Brundu, G., Carli, E. & Blasi, C. (eds.) 2009a. Plant invasion in Italy. An overview. Palombi & Partner. Rome.
Celesti-Grapow, L., Alessandrini, A., Arrigoni, P.V., Banfi, E., Bernardo, L., Bovio, M., Brundu, G., Cagiotti, M.R., Camarda, I., Carli, E., Conti, F., Fascetti, S., Galasso, G., Gubellini, L., La Valva, V., Lucchese, F., Marchiori, S., Mazzola, P., Peccenini, S., Pretto, F., Poldini, L., Prosser, F., Siniscalco, C., Villani, M.C., Viegi, L., Wilhalm, T. & Blasi, C. 2009b. The inventory of the non-native flora of Italy. Plant Biosystems 143: 1-45. doi:10.1080/11263500902722824
Clout, M.N. & Veitch, C.R. 2002. Turning the tide of biological invasion: the potential for eradicating invasive species. In: Clout, M.N. & Veitch, C.R. (eds.), Turning the tide: the Eradicatiof Invasive Species: 1-3. IUCN Species Specialist Group. Gland. Switzerland and Cambridge. United Kingdom.
Comunitat Valenciana, 2009. Decreto 213/2009, de 20 de noviembre de 2009, del Consell, por el que se aprueban medidas para el control de especies exóticas invasoras en la Comunitat Valenciana. Diari Oficial de la Comunitat Valenciana, 24 de novembre de 2009, num. 6151: 42326-42332.
Conti, F., Abbate, G., Alessandrini, A. & Blasi, C. (eds.) 2005. An annotated Checklist of the Italian Vascular Flora. Palombi Editori. Roma.
Conti, F., Alessandrini, A., Bacchetta, G., Banfi, E., Barberis, G., Bartolucci, F., Bernardo, L., Bonacquisti, S., Bouvet, D., Bovio, M., Brusa, G., Del Guacchio, E., Foggi, B., Frattini, S., Galasso, G., Gallo, L., Gangale, C., Gottschlich, G., Grünanger, P., Gubellini, L., Iiriti, G., Lucarini, D., Marchetti, D., Moraldo, B., Peruzzi, L., Poldini, L., Prosser, F., Raffaelli, M., Santangelo, A., Scassellati, E., Scortegagna, S., Selvi, F., Soldano, A., Tinti, D., Ubaldi, D., Uzunov, D. & Vidali, M. 2007. Integrazioni alla checklist della flora vascolare italiana. Natura Vicentina 10: 5-74.
Cox, G.W. 1999. Alien species in North America and Hawaii: impacts on natural ecosystems. Island Press. Washington DC.
Crawley, M. J., Harvey, P.H. & Purvis, A. 1996 Comparative ecology of the native and alien floras of the British Isles. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London, B 351: 1251-1259. doi:10.1098/rstb.1996.0108
Cronk, J.K. & Siobhan Fennessy M. 2001. Wetland plant biology and ecology. Lewis Publishers. New York. doi:10.1201/9781420032925
Cronk, Q.C.B. & Fuller, J.L. 1995. Plant Invaders. Chapman & Hall. London.
DAISIE. 2009. The Handbook of Alien Species in Europe. Invading Nature: Springer Series in Invasion Ecology. Springer. Amsterdam.
DAISIE. [2010]. DAISIE European Invasive Alien Species Gateway [http://www.europe-aliens.org].
D’Antonio, C.M., Chambers, J.C., Loh, R. & Tunison, J.T. 2009. Applyng Ecological Concepts to the Management of Widespread Grass Invasions. In: Inderjit (eds.), Management of Invasive Weeds 5: 123-149. Invading Nature: Springer Series in Invasion Ecology. Springer. New York.
Daehler, C.C., Denslow, J.S., Ansari, S. & Kuo, H.-C. 2004. A risk assessment system for screening out invasive pest plants from Hawaii and other Pacific Islands. Conservation biology 18: 360-368. doi:10.1111/j.1523-1739.2004.00066.x
Dal Cin D’Agata, C., Skoula, M. & Brundu, G. 2009. A preliminary inventory of the alien flora of Crete (Greece). Bocconea 23: 301-315.
Debussche, M., Lepart, J. & Dervieux, A. 1999. Mediterranean land-scape changes: evidence from old postcards. Global Ecology and Biogeography 8: 3-15. doi:10.1046/j.1365-2699.1999.00316.x
Dehnen-Schmutz, K., Touza, J., Perrings, C. & Williamson, M. 2007a. A century of the ornamental plant trade and its impact on invasion success. Diversity and Distributions 13: 527-534. doi:10.1111/j.1472-4642.2007.00359.x
Dehnen-Schmutz, K., Touza, J., Perrings, C. & Williamson, M. 2007b. The horticultural trade and ornamental plant invasions in Britain. Conservation Biology 21: 224-231. doi:10.1111/j.1523-1739.2006.00538.x PMid:17298528
Denslow, J.S. 2003. Weeds in paradise: thoughts on the invasibility of tropical islands. Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden 90: 119-127. doi:10.2307/3298531
Di Castri, F. 1991. An ecological overview of the five regions of the world with Mediterranean climate. In: Groves, R.H. & Di Castri, F. (eds.), Biogeography of Mediterranean invasions: 3-15. Cambridge University Press. Cambridge.
Fraga i Arguimbau, P., Mascaró Sintes, C., Carreras Martí, D., García Febrero, O., Pallicer Allés, X., Pons Gomila, M., Seoane Barber, M. & Truyol Olives, M. 2004. Catàleg de la flora vascular de Menorca. Institut Menorquí d’Estudis. Maó.
Fraga, P. & García, O. 2004. Notes i contribucions al coneixement de la flora de Menorca (VI). Bolletí de la Societat d’Història Natural de les Balears 47: 143-152.
Fraga, P., Mascaró, C., Carreras, D., García, O., Pons, M. & Truyol, M. 2001. Notes i contribucions al coneixement de la flora de Menorca (II). Bolletí de la Societat d’Història Natural de les Balears 44: 73-79.
Fraga, P., Mascaró, C., Carreras, D., García, O., Pons, M. & Truyol, M. 2002. Notes i contribucions al coneixement de la flora de Menorca (III). Bolletí de la Societat d’Història Natural de les Balears 45: 69-79.
Fraga, P., Mascaró, C., García, O., Pallicer, X., Pons, M. & Truyol, M. 2000. Notes i contribucions al coneixement de la flora de Menorca. Bolletí de la Societat d’Història Natural de les Balears 43: 63-75.
Fraga, P. & Pallicer, X. 1998. Notes florístiques de Menorca. Bulletí de la Institució Catalana d’Història Natural (Barcelona) 66: 35-40.
Fritts, T.H. & Rodda, G.H. 1998. The role of introduced species in the degradation of island ecosystems: a case history of Guam. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics 29: 113-140. doi:10.1146/annurev.ecolsys.29.1.113
García-Berthou, E., Ballesteros, E. & Sanz-Elorza, M. 2008. Múltiples orígines y vías de introducción de las especies invasoras. In: Vilà, M. & al. (eds), Invasiones Biológicas: 29-40. Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Divulgación. Madrid.
Giardina, G., Raimondo, F.M. & Spadaro, V. 2007. A catologue of plants growing in Sicily. Bocconea 20: 5-582.
Gillespie, T.W., Chu, J. & Pau, S. 2008. Non-Native Plant Invasion of the Hawaiian Islands. Geography Compass 2: 1241-1265. doi:10.1111/j.1749-8198.2008.00152.x
Heywood, V.H. 1989. Patterns, extens and modes of invasions of terrestrial plants. In: Drake, J.A. & al. 1989 (eds.), Biological invasions, a global perspective. John Wiley and Sons, Chichester. Reino Unido.
Hernández, G., Lahmann, E. & Pérez-Gil, R. 2002. Invasores en Mesoamérica y el Caribe: Invasives in Mesoamerica and the Caribbean. IUCN. San Jose. Costa Rica.
Hill, M.O., Roy, D.B. & Thompson, K. 2002. Hemeroby, urbanity and ruderality: bioindicators of disturbance and human impact. Journal of Applied Ecology 39: 708-720. doi:10.1046/j.1365-2664.2002.00746.x
Hulme, P.E. 2006. Beyond control: wider implications for the management of biological invasions. Journal of Applied Ecology 43: 835-847. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2664.2006.01227.x
Hulme, P.E. 2007. Biological invasion in Europe: drivers, pressures, states, impact and responses. In: Hester, R. & Harrison, R.M. (eds.), Biodiversity under threat issues in enviromental science and technology 25: 56-80. Royal Society of Chemistry. Cambridge.
Hulme, P.E., Bacher, S., Kenis, M., Klotz, S., Ku.hn, I., Minchin, D., Nentwig, W., Olenin, S., Panov, V., Pergl, J., Pyšek, P., Roque, A., Sol, D., Solarz, W. & Vilà, M. 2008a. Grasping at the routes of biological invasions: a framework for integrating pathways into policy. Journal of Applied Ecology 45: 403-414. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2664.2007.01442.x
Hulme, P.E., Brundu, G., Camarda, I., Dalias, P., Lambdon, P., Lloret, F., Médail, F., Moragues, E., Suehs, C., Traveset, A., Troumbis, A. & Vilà, M. 2008b. Assessing the risks to Mediterranean islands ecosystems from alien plant introductions. In: Tokarska-Guzik, B. & al. (eds.), Plant invasions: Human perception, ecological impacts and management: 39-56. Backhuys Publishers. Leiden.
Jeanmonod, D. 1998. Les plantes introduites en Corse: impact, menaces et propositions de protection de la flore indigène. Biocosme Mésogéen 15: 45-68.
Kitayama, K. & Mueller-Dombois, D. 1995. Biological invasion on an oceanic island mountain: Do alien plant species have wider ecological ranges than native species? Journal of vegetation Science 6: 667-674. doi:10.2307/3236436
Kotanen, P.M. 2004. Revegetation following soil disturbance and invasion in a californian meadow: a 10-year history of recovery. Biological Invasions 6: 245-254. doi:10.1023/B:BINV.0000022145.03215.4f
Kueffer, C. 2006. Impacts of woody invasive species on tropical forests of the Seychelles. Diss. ETH No. 16602. Department of Environmental Sciences. ETH Zurich. Zurich.
Kueffer, C., Daehler, C.C., Torres-Santana, C.W., Lavergne, C., Meyer, J.-Y., Otto, R. & Silva, L. 2010. A global comparison of plant invasions on oceanic islands. Perspectives in Plant Ecology, Evolution and Systematics 12, 2: 145-161. doi:10.1016/j.ppees.2009.06.002
Kunkel, G. 1993. Die Kanarischen Inseln und ihre Pflanzenwuelt. 3 Aufl. Stuttgart. Alemania.
Ladero Álvarez, M., Díaz González, T.E., Penas Merino, A., Rivas-Martínez, S. & Valle Gutiérrez, C. 1987. Datos sobre la vegetación de las Cordilleras Central y Cantábrica. Itinera Geobotanica 1: 3-147.
Lambdon, P.W., Pyšek, P., Basnou, C., Hejda, M., Arianoutsou, M., Essl, F., Jarošík, V., Pergl, J., Winter, M., Anastasiu, P., Andriopoulos, P. Bazos, I., Brundu, G., Celesti-Grapow, L., Chassot, P., De lipetrou, P., Josefsson, M., Kark, S., Kokkoris, Y., Marchante, H., Perglová, I., Pino, J., Vilà, M., Zikos, A., Roy, D. & Hulme, P.E., 2008. Alien flora of Europe: species diversity, temporal trends, geographical patterns and research needs. Preslia 80: 101-149.
Le Houérou, H.N. 1991. Plant invasions in the rangelands of the isoclimatic mediterranean zone. In: Groves, R.H. & Di Castri, F. (eds.), Biogeography of Mediterranean invasions: 393-404. Cambridge University Press. Cambridge.
Le Neindre, M. 2002. Les espèces introduites et envahissantes dans les îles Méditerranéennes: etat dess lieux et propositions d’action. Université de Corse, Faculté des Sciences et Techniques.
Levine, J.M., Adler, P.B. & Yelenik, S.G. 2004. A meta-analysis of biotic resistance to exotic plant invasions. Ecology Letters 7: 975-989. doi:10.1111/j.1461-0248.2004.00657.x
Lloret, F., Médail, F., Brundu, G., Mus, M. & Hulme, P.E. 2004. Local and regional abundance of exotic plant species on Mediterranean islands: are species traits important? Global Ecology and Biogeography 13: 37-45. doi:10.1111/j.1466-882X.2004.00064.x
Lloret, F., Médail, F., Brundu, G., Camarda, I., Moragues, E., Rita, J., Lambdon, P. & Hulme, P.E. 2005. Species attributes and invasion success by alien plants on Mediterranean islands. Journal of Ecology 93: 512-520. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2745.2005.00979.x
Lockwood, J.L., Cassey, P. & Blackburn, T. 2005. The role of propagule pressure in explaining species invasions. Trends in Ecology and Evolution 20: 223-228. doi:10.1016/j.tree.2005.02.004
Lodge, D.M. 1993. Biological invasions: lessons for ecology. Trends in Ecology and Evolution 8: 133-137. doi:10.1016/0169-5347(93)90025-K
Lonsdale, M.W. 1999. Global patterns of plant invasion and the concept of invasibility. Ecology 80: 1522-1536. doi:10.1890/0012-9658(1999)080[1522:GPOPIA]2.0.CO;2
Loope, L.L. & Mueller-Dombois, D. 1989. Characteristics of invaded islands, with special reference to Hawaii. In: Drake, J.A. & al. (eds.), Biological invasions: A global perspective, SCOPE 37: 257-280. John Wiley and Sons. New York.
Mack, R.N. 2000. Cultivation fosters plant naturalization by reducing environmental stochasticity. Biological Invasions 2: 111-122. doi:10.1023/A:1010088422771
Mack, R.N. 2003. Global plant dispersal, naturalization, and invasion: pathways, modes, and circumstances. In: Ruiz, G.M. & Carlton, J.T. (eds.), Invasive species: vectors and management strategies: 3-30. Island Press. Washington.
Mack, R.N. & Erneberg, M. 2002. The United States naturalized flora: largely the product of deliberate introductions. Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden 89: 176-189. doi:10.2307/3298562
Mack, R., Simberloff, D., Lonsdale, W., Evans, H., Clout, M. & Bazzaz, F. 2000. Biotic invasions. Causes, epidemiology, global consequences and control. Ecological Applications 10: 689-710. doi:10.1890/1051-0761(2000)010[0689:BICEGC]2.0.CO;2
Madon, O. & Médail, F. 1997. The ecological significance of annuals on a Mediterranean grassland (Mt Ventoux, France). Plant Ecology 129: 189-199. doi:10.1023/A:1009759730000
Mansion, G., Rosenbaum, G., Schönenberger, N., Bacchetta, G., Rosselló, J.A. & Conti, E. 2008. Phylogenetic analysis informed by geological history supports multiple, sequential invasions of the mediterranean basin by the angiosperm family Araceae. Systematic Biology 57: 269-285. doi:10.1080/10635150802044029 PMid:18425714
Mayer, A. 1995. Comparative study of the coastal vegetation of Sardinia (Italy) and Crete (Greece) with respect to the effects of human influence. Libri botanici 15. IHW-Verlag. Eching.
Milbau, A. & Stout, J.C. 2008. Factors Associated with Alien Plants Transitioning from Casual, to Naturalized, to Invasive. Conservation Biology 22: 308-317. doi:10.1111/j.1523-1739.2007.00877.x PMid:18261149
Miller, C., Kettunen, M. & Shine, C. 2006. Scope options for EU action on invasive alien species (IAS). Final report for the European Commission. Institute for European Environmental Policy (IEEP). Brussels. Belgium.
Mooney, H.A. & Hobbs, R.J. 2000. Invasive species in a changing world. Island Press. Washington DC.
Moragues Botey, E. & Rita Larrucea, J. 2005. Els vegetals introduïts a les Illes Balears. Documents tècnics de conservaciò, IIa època, núm. 11. Govern de les Illes Balears. Conselleria de Medi Ambient. Palma.
Mueller-Dombois, D. 1981. Island ecosystems: what is unique about their ecology? In: Mueller-Dombois, D. & al. (eds.), Island ecosystems: biological organisation in selected Hawaiian communities: 485-501. Hutchinson Ross Publishing Company. Woods Hole, Massachusetts.
Natali, A. & Jeanmonod, D. 1996. Flore analytique des plantes introduites en Corse. In: Jeanmonod, D. & Burdet, H.M. (eds.), Compléments au Prodrome de la Flore Corse. Annexe n.° 4. Conservatoire et Jardin Botaniques, Genève.
O’Dowd, D.J., Green, P.T. & Lake, P.S. 2003. Invasional meltdown on an oceanic island Ecology Letters 6: 812–817. doi:10.1046/j.1461-0248.2003.00512.x
Olesen, J.M., Eskildsen, L.I. & Venkatasamy, S. 2002. Invasion of pollination networks on oceanic islands: importance of invader complexes and endemic super generalists. Diversity and Distributions 8: 181-192. doi:10.1046/j.1472-4642.2002.00148.x
Pauchard, A., Cavieres, L.A. & Bustamante, R.O. 2004. Comparing alien plant invasions among regions with similar climates: where to from here? Diversity and Distributions 10: 371-375. doi:10.1111/j.1366-9516.2004.00116.x
Panetta, F.D. 1993. A system of assessing proposed plant introduction for weed potential. Plant Protection Quarterly 8: 10-14.
Pignatti, S. 1982. Flora d’Italia 1-3. Edagricole. Bologna.
Pla, V., Sastre, B. & Llorens, Ll. 1992. Aproximació al catàleg de la flora de les Illes Balears. Universitat de les Illes Balears. Palma.
Pyšek, P. & Richardson, D.M. 2006. The biogeography of naturalization in alien plants. Journal of Biogeography 12: 2040-2050.
Pyšek, P., Lambdon, P.W., Arianoutsou, M., Ku.hn, I., Pino, J. & Winter, M. 2009. Alien Vascular Plants of Europe. In: DAISIE. 2009, The Handbook of Alien Species in Europe: 43-61. Invading Nature. Springer Series in Invasion Ecology. Springer. Amsterdam.
Pyšek, P., Richardson, D.M., Rejmánek, M., Webster, G.L., Williamson, M. & Kirschner, J. 2004. Alien plants in checklist and floras: towards better communication between taxonomist and ecologists. Taxon 53: 131-143. doi:10.2307/4135498
Pyšek, P., Sadlo, J. & Mandak, B. 2002. Catalogue of alien plants of the Czech Republic. Preslia 74: 97-186.
Randall, R.P. 2002. A global compendium of weeds. RG & FJ Richardson Puplisher. Australia.
Randall, J.M., Morse, L.E., Benton, N., Hiebert, R., Lu, S. & Killefer, T. 2008. The invasive species assessment protocol: a tool for creating regional and national lists of invasive nonnative plants that negatively impact biodiversity. Invasive Plant Science and Management 1: 36-49. doi:10.1614/IPSM-07-020.1
Raunkiaer, C. 1934. The life form of plants and statistical plant geography. Oxford University Press. Oxford.
Reaser, J.K., Meyerson, L.A., Cronk, K., De Poorter, M., Eldrege, L.G., Green, E., Kairo, M., Latasi, P., Mack, R.N., Mauremootoo, G., O’Dowd, D., Orapa, W., Sastroutomo, S., Saunders, A., Shine, C., Thrainsson, S. & Vaiutu, L. 2007. Ecological and socioeconomic impacts of invasive alien species in island ecosystems. Enviromental Conservation 34: 98-111. doi:10.1017/S0376892907003815
Reichard, S. H., & White, P. 2001. Horticulture as a pathway of invasive plant introductions in the United States. BioScience 51: 103-113. doi:10.1641/0006-3568(2001)051[0103:HAAPOI]2.0.CO;2
Rejmánek, M., Richardson, D.M. & Pyšek, P. 2004. Plant invasion and invasibility of plant communities. In: Van Der Maarel (eds.), Vegetation ecology: 332-355. Blackwell Publishing. Malden.
Ricciardi, A. & Cohen, J. 2007. The invasiveness of an introduced species does not predict its impact. Biological Invasions 9: < 309-315.
Richardson, D.M. & Pyšek, P. 2006. Plant invasions: merging the concepts of species invasiveness and community invasibility. Progress in Physical Geography 30: 409-431. doi:10.1191/0309133306pp490pr
Richardson, D.M., Pyšek, P., Rejmánek, M., Barbour, M.G., Panetta, F.D. & West, C.J. 2000. Naturalization and invasion of alien plants: concepts and definitions. Diversity and Distributions 6: 93-107. doi:10.1046/j.1472-4642.2000.00083.x
Rita Larrucea, J. & Payeras Coll, T. 2006. Biodiversidad de las plantas vasculares de las Islas Baleares. Orsis 21: 41-58.
Rivas-Martínez, S. 2007. Mapa de series, geoseries y geopermaseries de vegetación de España. Itinera Geobotanica (nueva serie) 17: 5-436.
Rodríguez, J.J. 1904. Flórula de Menorca. Imp. Fábregas. Maó.
Rosenbaum, G., Lister, G. S. & Duboz, C. 2002. Reconstruction of the tectonic evolution of the western Mediterranean since the Oligocene. Journal Virtual Explorer 8: 107-130.
Sanz Elorza, M., Dana Sánchez, E.D. & Sobrino Vesperinas, E. 2004. Atlas de las plantas alóctonas invasoras en España. Ministerio de Medio Ambiente. Madrid.
Sanz Elorza, M., Mateo, R.G. & González Bernardo, F. 2009. The historical role of agricultura and gardening in the introduction of alien plants in the western Mediterranean. Plant Ecology 202: 247-256. doi:10.1007/s11258-008-9474-2
Sartori, F. & Assini, S. 2008. Osservazioni su specie vegetali esotiche invasive lungo i fiumi padani. Memorie Società Italiana Scienze Naturali e Museo Civico Storia Naturale di Milano 36: 15.
Schippers, P., Van Groenendael, J.M., Vleeshouwers, L.M. & Hunt, R. 2001. Herbaceous plant strategies in disturbed habitats. Oikos 95: 198-210. doi:10.1034/j.1600-0706.2001.950202.x
Schnitzler, A. Hale, B.W. & Alsum, E.M. 2007. Examining native and exotic species diversity in European riparian forests. Biological Conservation 138: 146-156. L. Podda & al. doi:10.1016/j.biocon.2007.04.010
Sherley, G. 2000 (eds.). Invasive species in the Pacific: a technical review and draft regional strategy. South Pacific Regional Enviroment Programme. Apia. Samoa.
Simberloff, D. 1995. Why do introduced species appear to devastate islands more than mainland areas? Pacific Science 49: 87-97.
Simberloff, D. 2000. Extinction-proponess of island species: causes and management implications. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 48: 1-9.
Speranza, F., Villa, I.M., Sagnotti, L., Florindo, F., Cosentino, D., Cipollari, P. & Mattei, M. 2002. Age of the Corsica-Sardinia rotation and Liguro-Provencal Basin spreading: New paleomagnetic and Ar/Ar evidence. Tectonophysics 347: 231-251. doi:10.1016/S0040-1951(02)00031-8
Suehs, C.M., Affre, L. & Médail, F. 2004. Invasion dynamics of two alien Carpobrotus (Aizoaceae) taxa on a Mediterranean island: I. Genetic diversity and introgression. Heredity 92: 31-40. doi:10.1038/sj.hdy.6800374 PMid:14628076
Suehs, C.M., Médail, F. & Affre, L. 2001. Ecological and genetic features of the invasion by the alien Carpobrotus plants in Mediterranean island habitats. In: Brundu, G. & al. (eds.), Plant invasions: species ecology and ecosystem management: 145-158. Backhuys Publishers. Leiden.
Tassin, J., Lavergne, C., Muller, S., Blanfort, V., Baret, S., Le Bourgeois, T., Triolo, J. & Riviere, J.-N. 2006. Bilan des connaissances sur les consequences ecologiques des invasions de plants a l’ıle de La Reunion (Archipel des Mascareignes, Ocean Indien). Revue d’Ecologie (la Terre et la Vie) 61: 35-52.
Towns, D.R. & Ballantine, W.J. 1993. Conservation and restauration of New-Zealand islands ecosystems. Trends in Ecology and Evolution 8: 452-457. doi:10.1016/0169-5347(93)90009-E
Vilà, M. & Muñoz, I. 1999. Patterns and correlates of exotic and endemic plant taxa in the Balearic islands. Ecologia Mediterránea 25: 153-161.
Vilà, M., Meggaro, Y. & Weber, E. 1999. Preliminary analysis of the naturalized flora of northern Africa. Orsis 14: 9-20.
Vilà, M., Tessier, M., Gimeno, I., Moragues, E., Traveset, A., De La Bandera, M.C., Suehs, C.M., Médail, F., Affre, L., Galanidis, A., Dalias, P., Petsikos, B., Carta, L., Manca, M. & Brundu, G. 2004. In: Arianoutsou, M. & Papanastasis, V. (eds.), Ecology, conservation and management of Mediterranean climate ecosystems. Proceedings 10th MEDECOS Conference, 25 April - 1 May 2004, Rhodes, Greece: 1-9. Millipress. Rotterdam.
Vilà, M., Tessier, M., Suehs, C.M., Brundu, G., Carta, L., Galanidis, A., Lambdon, P., Manca, M., Médail, F., Moragues, E., Traveset, A., Troumbis, A.Y. & Hulme, P.E. 2006. Local and regional assessment of the impacts of plant invaders on vegetation structure and soil properties of Mediterranean islands. Journal of Biogeography 33: 853-861. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2699.2005.01430.x
Vitousek, P.M. 1987. Biological invasion by Myrica faya alters ecosystems in Hawaii. Science 238: 802-804. doi:10.1126/science.238.4828.802 PMid:17814707
Weber, E. 2003. Invasive plant species of the world. A reference guide to environmental weeds. CABI publishing. Wallingford.
Wittenberg, R. & Cock, M.J.W. 2001. Invasive alien species: a toolkit for best prevention and management practices. CAB International. Wallingford. doi:10.1079/9780851995694.0000
Descargas
Publicado
Cómo citar
Número
Sección
Licencia
Derechos de autor 2010 Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)
Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución 4.0.
© CSIC. Los originales publicados en las ediciones impresa y electrónica de esta Revista son propiedad del Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, siendo necesario citar la procedencia en cualquier reproducción parcial o total.
Salvo indicación contraria, todos los contenidos de la edición electrónica se distribuyen bajo una licencia de uso y distribución “Creative Commons Reconocimiento 4.0 Internacional ” (CC BY 4.0). Consulte la versión informativa y el texto legal de la licencia. Esta circunstancia ha de hacerse constar expresamente de esta forma cuando sea necesario.
No se autoriza el depósito en repositorios, páginas web personales o similares de cualquier otra versión distinta a la publicada por el editor.
