Chemical and morphological characterization of <em>Allium tuncelianum (Amaryllidaceae)</em> and its antioxidant and anticholinesterase potentials

Songul Karakaya; Gulnur Eksi; Mehmet Koca; Betul Demirci; Haluk Caglar Kaymak; Mehmet Emin Kaplan; Ozkan Aksakal

doi:10.3989/ajbm.2523

Authors

Songul Karakaya Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ataturk University https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3268-721X
Gulnur Eksi Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ankara University https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6869-8703
Mehmet Koca Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ataturk University https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1517-5925
Betul Demirci Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu University https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2343-746X
Haluk Caglar Kaymak Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture Ataturk University https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0836-7654
Mehmet Emin Kaplan Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ataturk University https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6833-4451
Ozkan Aksakal Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Ataturk University https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0760-7502

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.3989/ajbm.2523

Keywords:

Allium tuncelianum, anticholinesterase, endemic, essential oil, morphology

Abstract

Alzheimer’s disease is the main reason for dementia, which increases with age. Cholinesterase inhibition and antioxidant potentials of extracts and essential oils from bulbs of A. tuncelianum (Kollmann) Özhatay & al., an endemic species to Tunceli (easthern Turkey), were evaluated. The fraction extracted of ethyl acetate had the highest phenolics level, 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl, and thiobarbituric acid antioxidant capacity. Also, the ethyl acetate fraction presented the highest acetylcholinesterase (15.98 ± 2.76%), and butyrylcholinesterase inhibition (47.33 ± 3.27%). Diallyl disulfide (49.8%), diallyl trisulfide (27.9%) and allyl methyl trisulfide (6.9%) were found to be the major components of essential oil. This paper shows that the ethyl acetate fraction of A. tuncelianum could be a potent source of antioxidant and anticholinesterase components.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Agbas B., Karakus D., Adigüzel R., Keser S. & Demir E. 2013. Comparison of Total Antioxidant Properties and Dry Matter Content of Tunceli Garlic (Allium tuncelianum) and Normal Garlic (Allium sativum). Bilim ve Gençlik Dergisi 2: 50-62.

APGIII 2009. An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and the families of the flowering plants. Botanical journal of the Linnean Society 161: 105-121. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8339.2009.00996.x

Chand R.N., Gopalan R.D. & Christi K. 2018. Evaluation of antioxidant properties in thirteen Fijian medicinal plants used in Alzheimer's disease and related illness. Free Radicals and Antioxidants 8 (1): 11-17.

Chauhan N.B. 2003. Anti-Amyloidogenic effect of Allium sativum in Alzheimer's transgenic model Tg2576. Journal of Herbal Pharmacotherapy 3: 95-107. https://doi.org/10.1080/J157v03n01_05 PMid:15277073

Dickson D.W. 1997. Neuropathological diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease: A perspective from longitudinal clinicopathological studies. Neurobiology of Aging 18: 21-26. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0197-4580(97)00065-1

Duman H., Ek?i G. & Özbek F. 2017. Two new species of Allium L. sect. Allium (Amaryllidaceae) from Turkey. Plant Systematics and Evolution 303: 1271-1291. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00606-017-1437-4

Eksi G., Koyuncu M. & Özkan A.M.G. 2016. Allium ekimianum: a new species (Amaryllidaceae) from Turkey. PhytoKeys 62: 83-93. https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.62.7796 PMid:27212884 PMCid:PMC4856905

Ellman G.L., Courtney K.D., Andresjr V. & Featherstone R.M. 1961. A new and rapid colorimetric determination of acetylcholinesterase activity. Biochemical Pharmacology 7: 88-89. https://doi.org/10.1016/0006-2952(61)90145-9

Fritsch R.M. & Friesen N. 2002. Evolution, Domestication and Taxonomy. CABI, Wallingford.

Gibson G.E. & Huang H.M. 2005. Oxidative stress in Alzheimer's disease. Neurobiology of Aging 26: 575-578. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2004.07.017 PMid:15708429

Granato D., Shahidi F., Wrolstad R., Kilmartin P., Melton L.D., Hidalgo F.J., Miyashita K., Camp J., Alasalvar C., Ismail A.B., Elmore S., Birch G.G., Charalampopoulos D., Astley S.B., Pegg R., Zhou P. & Finglas P. 2018. Antioxidant activity, total phenolics and flavonoids contents: Should we ban in vitro screening methods? Food Chemistry 264: 471-475. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2018.04.012 PMid:29853403

Karakaya S., Göger G., Kılıç C.S. & Demirci B. 2016. Composition of volatile oil of the aerial parts, flowers and roots of Ferulago blancheana Post. (Apiaceae) growing in Turkey and determination of their antimicrobial activities by bioautography method. Turkish Journal Of Pharmaceutical Sciences 13: 173-180. https://doi.org/10.5505/tjps.2016.02886

Karakaya S., Koca M., Kılıc C.S. & Coskun M. 2018. Antioxidant and anticholinesterase activities of Ferulago syriaca Boiss. and F. isaurica Pe?men growing in Turkey. Medical Chemistry Research 27: 1843-1850. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00044-018-2196-7

Karakaya S., Koca M., Yılmaz S.V., Yıldırım K., Pınar N.M., Demirci B., Brestic M. & Sytar O. 2019. Molecular docking studies of coumarins isolated from extracts and essential oils of Zosima absinthifolia Link as potential inhibitors for Alzheimer's Disease. Molecules 24 (4), E722: 1-18. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules24040722 PMid:30781573 PMCid:PMC6412260

Kim M.J., Choi S., Kim H.K., Kim C.J., Hong B., Kim Y.J. & Shin D.H. 2007. Activation effects of Allium Tuberosum Rottl. on choline acetyltransferase. Bioscience, Biotechnology, and Biochemistry 71: 226-230. https://doi.org/10.1271/bbb.60314 PMid:17213651

Kiralan M., Rahimi A., Arslan N. & Bayrak A. 2013. Volatiles in an endemic Allium species: Allium tuncelianum by headspace solid phase microextraction. TEOP 16: 417-420. https://doi.org/10.1080/0972060X.2013.813283

Kollmann F., Özhatay N. & Koyuncu M. 1983. New Allium taxa from Turkey. Notes from the Royal Botanic Garden, Edinburgh 41 (2): 262.

López S., Bastida J., Viladomat F. & Codina C. 2002. Acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activity of some Amaryllidaceae alkaloids and Narcissus extracts. Life Sciences 71: 2521-2529. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0024-3205(02)02034-9

Manral A., Saini V., Meena P. & Tiwari M. 2015. Multifunctional novel diallyl disulfide (DADS) derivatives with b-amyloid-reducing, cholinergic, antioxidant and metal chelating properties for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry 23: 6389-6403. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bmc.2015.08.024 PMid:26337018

Mathew B. 1996. A review of Allium sect. Allium. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.

Mimica N.D., Bozin B., Sokovic M. & Simin N. 2004. Antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of Melissa officinalis L. (Lamiaceae) essential oil. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 52: 2485-2489. https://doi.org/10.1021/jf030698a PMid:15113145

Ng Y.P., Or T.C.T. & Ip N.Y. 2015. Plant alkaloids as drug leads for Alzheimer's disease. Neurochemistry International 89: 260 e270. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuint.2015.07.018 PMid:26220901

Özhatay N. & Mathew B. 1995. New taxa and notes on the genus Allium (Alliaceae) in Turkey and Arabia. Kew Bulletin 50 (4): 723-731. https://doi.org/10.2307/4110233

Özkan O., Gül S., Kart A., Çiçek B.A. & Kılıç K. 2013. In vitro antimutagenicity of Allium tuncelianum ethanol extract against induction of chromosome aberration by mutagenic agent mitomycine C. Kafkas Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi 19: 259-262. https://doi.org/10.9775/kvfd.2012.7637

Ray B., Chauhan B.N. & Lahiri K.D. 2011. The "Aged Garlic Extract" (AGE) and one of its active ingredients S-Allyl-LCysteine (SAC) as potential preventive and therapeutic agents for Alzheimer's disease (AD). Current Medicinal Chemistry 18: 3306-3313. https://doi.org/10.2174/092986711796504664 PMid:21728972 PMCid:PMC3941700

Resetár A., Freytag C., Kalydi F., Gonda S., M-Hamvas M., Ajtay K., Papp L. & Máthé C. 2017. Production and antioxidant capacity of tissue cultures from four Amaryllidaceae species. Acta Societatis Botanicorum Poloniae 86: 3525. https://doi.org/10.5586/asbp.3525

Sehitoglu M.H., Karakan F.Y., Kizilkaya B., Öztopuz R.Ö. & Gülçin ?. 2018. Investigation of antioxidant properties and bioactive composition of Allium tuncelianum ((Kollman) Ozhatay, Matthew & Siraneci) and Allium sativum L. Journal of the Institute of Science and Technology 8: 213-221. https://doi.org/10.21597/jist.427293

Sgarbossa A., Giacomazza D. & Carlo M. 2015. Ferulic Acid: A Hope for Alzheimer's Disease Therapy from Plants. Nutrients 7: 5764-5782. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu7075246 PMid:26184304 PMCid:PMC4517023

Sytar O., Bruckova K., Hunkova E., Zivcak M., Kiessoun K. & Brestic M. 2015. The application of muliplex flourimetric sensor for analysis flavonoids content in the medical herbs family Asteraceae, Lamiaceae, Rosaceae. Biological Research 48 (5): 2-9. https://doi.org/10.1186/0717-6287-48-5 PMid:25849441 PMCid:PMC4417250

Takim K., Kutlu T., ?çen S., Demir N. 2016. Characterization of Tunceli mountain garlic essential oil component and determination effect on the antioxidant enzyme levels on rat renal tissue by dmba-induced. International Engineering, Science and Education Conference: 401-418.

Yerdelen K.O. & Tosun E. 2015. Synthesis, docking and biological evaluation of oxamide and fumaramide analogs as potential AChE and BuChE inhibitors. Medical Chemistry Research 24: 588-602. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00044-014-1152-4

Yumrutas Ö., Demir S., Saygide?er Ö. & Do?an M. 2009. The in vitro antioxidant activity of Allium tuncelianum: An endemic. Journal of Applied Biological Sciences 3: 61-64.