Anales del Jardín Botánico de Madrid 81 (1)
January-June 2024, e148
ISSN-L: 0211-1322, eISSN: 1988-3196
https://doi.org/10.3989/ajbm.621

Some interesting lichens on volcanic rocks in the inland regions of the Iberian Peninsula

Algunos líquenes interesantes sobre rocas volcánicas del interior de la Península Ibérica

Gregorio Aragón
Biodiversity and Conservation Area, Department of Biology, Geology, Physics and Inorganic Chemistry, ESCET, Rey Juan Carlos University, c/ Tulipán s/nE-28933 Móstoles, Madrid, Spain
Global Change Research Institute, Rey Juan Carlos University, E-28933 Móstoles, Madrid, Spain
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3349-5153
Gil Fernando Giménez
Cabañeros National Park (TRAGSA), Ctra. Torrijos s.n.E-13194 Pueblonuevo del Bullaque, Ciudad Real, Spain
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8704-9891
Valerie Negrón
Biodiversity and Conservation Area, Department of Biology, Geology, Physics and Inorganic Chemistry, ESCET, Rey Juan Carlos University, c/ Tulipán s/nE-28933 Móstoles, Madrid, Spain
https://orcid.org/0009-0000-8178-8853
ABSTRACT

We report the first record of Acarospora insolata, A. irregularis, Caloplaca interna, Endocarpon adsurgens, and Flavoplaca limonia in the Iberian Peninsula. The species inhabit volcanic rocks in the Spanish Central Volcanic Region. This finding represents a significant expansion of the distribution range of these five species.

Keywords:
 Campo de Calatrava; distribution; saxicolous lichens; Spain; volcanic habitat.
Resumen

Se aportan la primera cita de Acarospora insolata, A. irregularis, Caloplaca interna, Endocarpon adsurgens y Flavoplaca limonia en la Península Ibérica. Las especies viven sobre rocas volcánicas en la región volcánica central española. Este descubrimiento amplía significativamente el rango de distribución de estas cinco especies.

Palabras clave:
 Campo de Calatrava; distribución; España; hábitat volcánico; líquenes saxícolas.
Received: 10/03/2024. Accepted: 26/05/2024. Published online:  23/10/2024.
How to cite this article: Aragón G., Giménez G.F., Negrón V. 2004. Some interesting lichens on volcanic rocks in the inland regions of the Iberian Peninsula. Anales del Jardín Botánico de Madrid 81: e148. https://doi.org/10.3989/ajbm.621
Copyright:  © 2024 CSIC Este es un artículo de acceso abierto distribuido bajo los términos de la licencia de uso y distribución Creative Commons Reconocimiento 4.0 Internacional (CC BY 4.0).
 
CONTENTS

Four distinct volcanic regions are well differentiated in the Iberian Peninsula: NE (Girona), Central (Campo de Calatrava), SE (Almería-Murcia), and Levante (Ancochea & al. 2004AncocheaE., BarreraJ.L., BellidoF., BenitoR., BrändleJ.L., CebriáJ.M., CoelloJ., CubasC. R., De La NuezJ., DoblasM., GómezJ.A., HernánF., HerreraR., HuertasM.J., López RuizJ., MartíJ., MuñozM. & SagredoJ.2004. Canarias y el vulcanismo neógeno peninsular. InVeraJ.A. (ed.), Geología de España: 635-682. Sociedad Geológica de España - Instituto Geológico y Minero de España, Madrid.). These regions exhibit diverse geological characteristics, with a wide range of volcanic rocks (e.g., ultra-potassic, alkaline, calc-alkaline) that are indicative of varying morphological structures, such as cones, domes, and buildings (Ancochea & al. 2004AncocheaE., BarreraJ.L., BellidoF., BenitoR., BrändleJ.L., CebriáJ.M., CoelloJ., CubasC. R., De La NuezJ., DoblasM., GómezJ.A., HernánF., HerreraR., HuertasM.J., López RuizJ., MartíJ., MuñozM. & SagredoJ.2004. Canarias y el vulcanismo neógeno peninsular. InVeraJ.A. (ed.), Geología de España: 635-682. Sociedad Geológica de España - Instituto Geológico y Minero de España, Madrid.). Therefore, many lichen species in highly diverse communities can be found on volcanic rocks in the Iberian Peninsula (Egea & Llimona 1994EgeaJ.M. & LlimonaX.1994. La flore et la végétation lichénique des laves acides du parc naturel de la Sierra del Cabo de Gata (SE de l’Espagne) et des régions voisines. Bulletin de la Société linnéenne de Provence45: 263-281.; 1997EgeaJ.M. & LlimonaX.1997. Sobre la flora y vegetación liquénica de las lavas básicas del sureste de España. Acta Bot. Malacitana22: 5-11.).

The Spanish Central Volcanic Region, also known as Campo de Calatrava, is located in the center of the Ciudad Real province, covering around 5,000 square kilometres, and comprising almost 360 volcanic structures (Becerra-Ramírez & al. 2020Becerra-RamírezR., GosálvezR.U., EscobarE., GonzálezE., Serrano-PatónM. & GuevaraD.2020. Characterization and geotourist resources of the Campo de Calatrava Volcanic Region (Ciudad Real, Castilla-La Mancha, Spain) to develop a UNESCO global geopark project. Geosciences10: 441.). Most of the volcanic formations result from events of low explosivity (Hawaiian and Strombolian eruptions) and are composed of alkaline rocks from the basalt series (Becerra-Ramírez & al. 2020Becerra-RamírezR., GosálvezR.U., EscobarE., GonzálezE., Serrano-PatónM. & GuevaraD.2020. Characterization and geotourist resources of the Campo de Calatrava Volcanic Region (Ciudad Real, Castilla-La Mancha, Spain) to develop a UNESCO global geopark project. Geosciences10: 441.). The landscape of the region is dominated by mountains up to 900 m high, mainly composed of Armorican quartzites (García-Camacho & al. 2004García-CamachoR., SantamaríaC., Martín-BlancoC.J. & CarrascoM.A.2004. Análisis de la flora vascular de los volcanes del Campo de Calatrava (Ciudad Real, España). Anales del Jardín Botánico de Madrid61: 209-219.), and the land use is characterized by extensive agricultural, livestock management, or mining activities (Becerra-Ramírez & al. 2020Becerra-RamírezR., GosálvezR.U., EscobarE., GonzálezE., Serrano-PatónM. & GuevaraD.2020. Characterization and geotourist resources of the Campo de Calatrava Volcanic Region (Ciudad Real, Castilla-La Mancha, Spain) to develop a UNESCO global geopark project. Geosciences10: 441.). Consequently, the lichen component will be influenced by the physical and chemical properties of the volcanic rocks, the environmental exposure of the volcanic structures, the different land uses of this zone, and the interaction with the quartzite rocks that cover a substantial portion of the territory.

Previous studies of lichens on volcanic rocks have concentrated in the southeastern (Llimona & Werner 1975LlimonaX. & WernerR.G.1975. Quelques lichens nouveaux ou intéressants de la Sierra de Gata (Almería, SE de España). Acta Phytotaxonomica Barcinonensia16: 1-24.; Egea & Llimona 1994EgeaJ.M. & LlimonaX.1994. La flore et la végétation lichénique des laves acides du parc naturel de la Sierra del Cabo de Gata (SE de l’Espagne) et des régions voisines. Bulletin de la Société linnéenne de Provence45: 263-281.;1997EgeaJ.M. & LlimonaX.1997. Sobre la flora y vegetación liquénica de las lavas básicas del sureste de España. Acta Bot. Malacitana22: 5-11.) and the northeast (Maheu & Werner 1935MaheuJ. & WernerR.G.1935. Lichénographie catalane des laves d´Olot (Espagne). Comparaison avec la flore calcaire du massif voisin de Puigsacalm. Revue bryologique et lichénologique8: 194-212.; Llop & al. 2013LlopE., Fernandez-BrimeS., Figueras-BalaguerG. & PérezD.M.2013. Aproximació al coneixement de la flora liquènica i dels fongs liquenícoles dels altiplans i conques centrals de Catalunya: el sector segàrric. Butlletí de la Institució Catalana d´Història Natural77: 39-59.; Llop 2018LlopE.2018. Catàleg dels líquens de la Garrotxa. Catàlegs del Patrimoni Natural3: 1-160.), while central Spain remains completely unknown. Our note presents five intriguing species discovered on the Iberian Peninsula, which considerably expand their distributional range.

The research was conducted on volcanic rocks situated in the Campo de Calatrava region. The samples were collected from 2021 to 2023 and included in the MACB Herbarium. Species identification was based on the online keys published in ITALIC (Nimis & Martellos 2020NimisP.L. & MartellosS.2020. Towards a digital key to the lichens of Italy. Symbiosis82: 149-155.) and the following literature: Clauzade & Roux (1982ClauzadeG. & RouxC.1982. Les Acarospora de l’Europe occidentale et de la région méditerranéenne. Bulletin du Muséum national d´histoire naturelle Marseille41: 41-93.), Breuss & McCune (1994BreussO. & McCuneB.1994. Additions to the pyrenolichen flora of North America. The Bryologist97: 365-370.), Vondrák & al. (2009VondrákJ., ŘíhaP., ArupU. & SøchtingU.2009. The taxonomy of the Caloplaca citrina group (Teloschistaceae) in the Black Sea region; with contributions to the cryptic species concept in lichenology. The Lichenologist41: 571-604.) and Roux & al. (2019RouxC., PoumaratS., GueidanC., Navarro-RosinésP., MonnatJ.Y. & HoumeauJ.M.2019. La Acarosporaceae de Okcidenta Eŭropo. Bulletin de la Société linnéenne de Provence70: 107-167.). Besides, we have included references containing descriptions, iconography, and ecological preferences, as well as collected materials. We have also explored the relevance of the new locality in relation to its distribution. Figure 1 shows the location of the studied localities. Additionally, images of the species (Fig. 2) have been uploaded to iNaturalist.

media/4c4963f3bec2402fb8b46f75d6243e7f_001.png
Fig. 1 Map with the location of the sampled localities for each of the lichen species reporeted in this study: (1) Castillejos de la Bienvenida (Acarospora insolata, Flavoplaca limonia); (2) La Encina (Acarospora irregularis, Caloplaca interna); (3) Peñarroya (Caloplaca interna); (4) Cerro Gordo (Caloplaca interna); (5) Cerro de los Santos (Endocarpon adsurgens). 
media/4c4963f3bec2402fb8b46f75d6243e7f_002.png
Fig. 2 Field images of the lichen species found in Campo de Calatrava region: a,Acarospora insolata; b,Acarospora irregularis; c,Caloplaca interna; d,Endocarpon adsurgens; e,Flavoplaca limonia [scales: a = 1 mm; b, e, = 3 mm; c = 0.5 cm; d = 2 mm]. 

New species records for the Iberian Peninsula

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Acarospora insolata H.Magn.—Clauzade & Roux (1982ClauzadeG. & RouxC.1982. Les Acarospora de l’Europe occidentale et de la région méditerranéenne. Bulletin du Muséum national d´histoire naturelle Marseille41: 41-93.), Nimis (2023NimisP.L.2023. ITALIC - The Information System on Italian Lichens. Version 7.0. University of Trieste, Dept. of Biology. Website: https://dryades.units.it/italic [accessed: November 24, 2023].). The species grows on the thalli of Aspiciliella intermutans (Nyl.) M. Choisy on inclined sunny surfaces of volcanic rocks. According to Clauzade & Roux (1982ClauzadeG. & RouxC.1982. Les Acarospora de l’Europe occidentale et de la région méditerranéenne. Bulletin du Muséum national d´histoire naturelle Marseille41: 41-93.), the species inhabits non-calcareous rocks and is often parasitic on other lichens. It is a scarce species known from a few localities in north and central Europe (Clauzade & Roux 1982ClauzadeG. & RouxC.1982. Les Acarospora de l’Europe occidentale et de la région méditerranéenne. Bulletin du Muséum national d´histoire naturelle Marseille41: 41-93.; Vondrak & al. 2022Vondrák, J., Svoboda, S., Malíček, J., Palice, Z., Kocourková, J., Knudsen, K., Mayrhofer, H., Thus, H., Schultz, M., Košnar, J. & Hofmeister, J.2022. From Cinderella to princess: an exceptional hotspot of lichen diversity in a long-inhabited central-European landscape. Preslia94: 143-181.), central Asia (Clauzade & Roux 1982ClauzadeG. & RouxC.1982. Les Acarospora de l’Europe occidentale et de la région méditerranéenne. Bulletin du Muséum national d´histoire naturelle Marseille41: 41-93.), and the Mediterranean basin, spanning from Sardinia to Turkey (Clauzade & Roux 1982ClauzadeG. & RouxC.1982. Les Acarospora de l’Europe occidentale et de la région méditerranéenne. Bulletin du Muséum national d´histoire naturelle Marseille41: 41-93.; Oran & Öztürk 2007OranS. & ÖztürkŞ.2007. Lichen records from southeast and east Anatolian region (Turkey). Journal Biodiversity and Environmental Sciences1: 15-22.; Nimis 2023NimisP.L.2023. ITALIC - The Information System on Italian Lichens. Version 7.0. University of Trieste, Dept. of Biology. Website: https://dryades.units.it/italic [accessed: November 24, 2023].) and Armenia (Harutyunyan & al. 2011HarutyunyanS., WiesmairB. & MayrhoferH.2011. Catalogue of the lichenized fungi in Armenia. Herzogia24: 265-296.). Acarospora insolata is similar to A. impressula Th.Fr., from which it differs by the presence of an areolate thallus subdivided by a network of fine-medium cracks and slightly wider spores (Clauzade & Roux 1982ClauzadeG. & RouxC.1982. Les Acarospora de l’Europe occidentale et de la région méditerranéenne. Bulletin du Muséum national d´histoire naturelle Marseille41: 41-93.). According to Westberg et al. (2015Westberg, M., Millanes, A. M., Knudsen, K. & Wedin, M.2015. Phylogeny of the Acarosporaceae (Lecanoromycetes, Ascomycota, Fungi) and the evolution of carbonized ascomata. Fungal Diversity73: 145-158.), neither of them belong to Acarospora s.str.

Specimen examined.—-SPAIN. Ciudad Real: Bienvenida, Valle de Alcudia, Castillejos de la Bienvenida, 38.65003, -4.52046, 707 m, on volcanic rocks, grass-crop area, 13 Apr. 2023, G. Aragón & al. 1373 (MACB).

Acarospora irregularis H. Magn.—Knudsen & al. (2014KnudsenK., KocourkováJ. & NordinA.2014. Conspicuous similarity hides diversity in the Acarospora badiofusca group (Acarosporaceae).The Bryologist117: 319-328.). The species grows on volcanic rocks in sunny sites with Buellia dispersa A. Massal., Calogaya arnoldii (Wedd.) Arup, Frödén & Søchting and Rinodina teichophila (Nyl.) Arnold. The species has been reported from central Europe, as well as Greece, Italy, and Turkey (Knudsen & al. 2016KnudsenK. & KocourkováJ.2016. Acarospora sphaerosperma (Acarosporaceae), new for Europe and the Czech Republic, and Acarospora irregularis, new for Austria. Herzogia29: 465-472.; Güllü & al. 2023GüllüM., HaliciM.G. & Öztürk KüpF.2023. Molecular and taxonomic studies on some Acarospora (Acarosporales, Ascomycota) species in Türkiye. Biological Diversity and Conservation16: 84-97.; Nimis 2023NimisP.L.2023. ITALIC - The Information System on Italian Lichens. Version 7.0. University of Trieste, Dept. of Biology. Website: https://dryades.units.it/italic [accessed: November 24, 2023].). The nearest records were from Valle d’Aosta (Italian Alps) (Nimis 2023NimisP.L.2023. ITALIC - The Information System on Italian Lichens. Version 7.0. University of Trieste, Dept. of Biology. Website: https://dryades.units.it/italic [accessed: November 24, 2023].). The species was probably often confused with A. badiofusca (Nyl.) Th. Fr., from which it differs by having an algal layer interrupted by hyphal bands (Knudsen et al. 2014KnudsenK., KocourkováJ. & NordinA.2014. Conspicuous similarity hides diversity in the Acarospora badiofusca group (Acarosporaceae).The Bryologist117: 319-328.).

Specimen examined.—- SPAIN. Ciudad Real: Aldea del Rey, Campo Volcánico de Calatrava, La Encina, 38.75308, -3.91296, 873 m, on volcanic rocks, crop area, 16 Mar. 2023, G. Aragón & M. Vicente, 1542 (MACB).

Caloplaca interna Poelt & Nimis.—Mouedden & al. (2022MoueddenR., AyacheA., BenchohraA.H., ToumiF. & BendimredF.Z.2022. Five new species of teloschistaceae lichens from Algeria. Ukrainian Journal of Ecology12: 74-86.), Nimis (2023NimisP.L.2023. ITALIC - The Information System on Italian Lichens. Version 7.0. University of Trieste, Dept. of Biology. Website: https://dryades.units.it/italic [accessed: November 24, 2023].). The species grows on the thalli of Aspiciliella intermutans and Circinaria caesiocinera, on sun-exposed volcanic rocks with great roughness and porosity. Its distribution covers throughout the Mediterranean basin, and it has been documented in a few locations in Italy (including Sardinia), on the thalli of Aspicilia and Circinaria (Nimis 2023NimisP.L.2023. ITALIC - The Information System on Italian Lichens. Version 7.0. University of Trieste, Dept. of Biology. Website: https://dryades.units.it/italic [accessed: November 24, 2023].); Algeria, on Circinaria and Heteroplacium (Mouedden & al., 2022MoueddenR., AyacheA., BenchohraA.H., ToumiF. & BendimredF.Z.2022. Five new species of teloschistaceae lichens from Algeria. Ukrainian Journal of Ecology12: 74-86.); and Turkey, on Aspicilia (Breuss & John 2004BreussO. & JohnV.2004. New and interesting records of lichens from Turkey. Österreichische Zeitschrift fur Pilzkunzde13: 281-294.). Some references require further confirmation concerning the Island of Paros in Greece (Sipman & Raus 1999SipmanH. & RausT.1999. A lichenological comparison of the Paros and Santorini Island groups (Aegean, Greece), with annotated checklist. Willdenowia29: 239-297.; Arcadia 2023Arcadia, L.2023. Lichen flora of Greece, including lichenicolous fungi. https://www.lichensofgreece.com/flora.pdf). These have also been cited in Cape Verde (Sánchez-Pinto & Rodríguez 2005Sánchez-PintoL. & RodríguezS.2005. Lichenes. InArechavaletaM., ZuritaN., MarreroM.C & MartínJ.L. (eds.), Lista Preliminar de Especies Silvestres de Cabo Verde (hongos, plantas y animales terrestres): 27-39. Consejería de Medio Ambiente y Ordenación Territorial, Gobierno de Canarias.), with the nearest records being from Sardinia Island (Nimis 2023NimisP.L.2023. ITALIC - The Information System on Italian Lichens. Version 7.0. University of Trieste, Dept. of Biology. Website: https://dryades.units.it/italic [accessed: November 24, 2023].). Flavoplaca oasis (A.Massal.) Arup, Frödén & Søchting is a similar parasitic species, but it develops slightly wider spores with a wider equatorial septum, up to 7 µm (Mouedden et al. 2022MoueddenR., AyacheA., BenchohraA.H., ToumiF. & BendimredF.Z.2022. Five new species of teloschistaceae lichens from Algeria. Ukrainian Journal of Ecology12: 74-86.; Nimis 2023NimisP.L.2023. ITALIC - The Information System on Italian Lichens. Version 7.0. University of Trieste, Dept. of Biology. Website: https://dryades.units.it/italic [accessed: November 24, 2023].).

Specimens examined.—- SPAIN. Ciudad Real: Alcolea de Calatrava, Peñarroya, 38.94753, -4.10226, 805 m, on volcanic rocks, grass-crop area, 19 Jan. 2023, G. Aragón & al., nº 1390 (MACB); Aldea del Rey, Campo Volcánico de Calatrava, La Encina, 38.75308, -3.91296, 873 m, on volcanic rocks, crop area, 16-03-2023, G. Aragón & M. Vicente, nº 1432 (MACB); Almagro, Granátula de Calatrava, Cerro Gordo, 38.83107, -3.73973, 785 m, on volcanic rocks, grass-crop area, 16 Mar. 2023, G. Aragón & M. Vicente 1536 (MACB).

Endocarpon adsurgens Vain.—Breuss & McCune (1994BreussO. & McCuneB.1994. Additions to the pyrenolichen flora of North America. The Bryologist97: 365-370.), Nimis (2023NimisP.L.2023. ITALIC - The Information System on Italian Lichens. Version 7.0. University of Trieste, Dept. of Biology. Website: https://dryades.units.it/italic [accessed: November 24, 2023].). It is a terricolous species growing on exposed and hard soils between volcanic rocks. It is a scarce species known from a few localities in north and central Europe, North America (Breuss & McCune 1994BreussO. & McCuneB.1994. Additions to the pyrenolichen flora of North America. The Bryologist97: 365-370.; Thell & al. 2014ThellA., AlstrupV., ArupU., BendiksbyM., CzarnotaP., FeuererT., HauganR., KärnefeltI., KlepslandJ.T., KukwaM., LaunisA., MillanesA.M., MotiejūnaitėJ., NordinA., PrietoM., PykäläJ., SeawardM.R.D., TimdalE., TsurykauA., VitikainenO. & WestbergM.2014. New or interesting lichens and lichenicolous fungi from the Vadstena area, Östergötland, Sweden. Graphis Scripta26: 15-33.), China (Orange & Chhetri 2022OrangeA. & ChhetriS.G.2022. Verrucariaceae from Nepal. The Lichenologist54: 139-174.; Zhang & Wei 2023ZhangT. & WeiX.2023. One new species and three new records of the lichen-forming fungal family Verrucariaceae from China. Mycosystema42: 625-637.) and Southern Europe (Mayrhofer & al. 2005MayrhoferH., DenchevC.M., StoykovD.Y. & NikolovaS.O.2005. Catalogue of the lichenized and lichenicolous fungi in Bulgaria. Mycologia Balcanica2: 3-61.; 2016MayrhoferH., CzehD., KobaldE.M. & BilovitzP.O.2016. Catalogue of the lichenized and lichenicolous fungi of Kosovo. Herzogia29: 529-554.; Spribille & al. 2006SpribilleT., SchultzM., BreussO. & BergmeierE.2006. Notes on the lichens and lichenicolous fungi of western Crete (Greece). Herzogia19: 125-148.). The nearest records were from the Alps (Nimis & al. 2018NimisP.L., HafellnerJ., RouxC., ClercP., MayrhoferH., MartellosS. & BilovitzP.O.2018. The lichens of the Alps–an annotated checklist. MycoKeys31: 1-634.). The species resembles the more common E. adscendens (Anzi) Müll.Arg., differing in the dark rhizines and paler spores (Nimis 2023NimisP.L.2023. ITALIC - The Information System on Italian Lichens. Version 7.0. University of Trieste, Dept. of Biology. Website: https://dryades.units.it/italic [accessed: November 24, 2023].).

Specimen examined.—-SPAIN. Ciudad Real: Porzuna, Cerro de los Santos, 39.14890, -4.16409, 700 m, on the ground, base of volcanic rocks, grassland area, 8 Jun. 2021, G. Aragón & al. 1168 (MACB).

Flavoplaca limonia (Nimis & Poelt) Arup, Fröden & Sochting—Vondrák & al. (2009VondrákJ., ŘíhaP., ArupU. & SøchtingU.2009. The taxonomy of the Caloplaca citrina group (Teloschistaceae) in the Black Sea region; with contributions to the cryptic species concept in lichenology. The Lichenologist41: 571-604.), Nimis (2023NimisP.L.2023. ITALIC - The Information System on Italian Lichens. Version 7.0. University of Trieste, Dept. of Biology. Website: https://dryades.units.it/italic [accessed: November 24, 2023].). The species grows on volcanic rocks, in dry and sun-exposed situations, over gently sloping surfaces, together with Aspiciliella intermutans and Candelariella vitellina (Hoffm.) Müll. Arg. Caloplaca limonia is a common saxicolous species in the Mediterranean and Black Sea regions (Vondrák & al. 2009VondrákJ., ŘíhaP., ArupU. & SøchtingU.2009. The taxonomy of the Caloplaca citrina group (Teloschistaceae) in the Black Sea region; with contributions to the cryptic species concept in lichenology. The Lichenologist41: 571-604.), as well as in the UK and Ireland (BLS-https://britishlichensociety.org.uk/). The nearest record was from the French Alps (Roux 2017RouxC.2017. Lichens et champignons lichénicoles d’Entrevennes (France, Alpes–de–Haute–Provence, 04). Bulletin de la Société linnéenne de Provence68: 119-130.). Earlier records might probably be under F. citrina group (Nimis 2023NimisP.L.2023. ITALIC - The Information System on Italian Lichens. Version 7.0. University of Trieste, Dept. of Biology. Website: https://dryades.units.it/italic [accessed: November 24, 2023].). F. limonia and F. dichroa (Arup) Arup, Frödén & Søchting are morphologically similar, although F. limonia develops a thicker thallus, dull to bright yellow in color, and coarse soredia. F. dichroa has a thinner thallus, yellow to orange in color, and small soredia (Vondrák et al. 2009VondrákJ., ŘíhaP., ArupU. & SøchtingU.2009. The taxonomy of the Caloplaca citrina group (Teloschistaceae) in the Black Sea region; with contributions to the cryptic species concept in lichenology. The Lichenologist41: 571-604.).

Specimen examined.—-SPAIN. Ciudad Real: Bienvenida, Valle de Alcudia, Castillejos de la Bienvenida, 38.65003, -4.62046, 707 m, on volcanic rocks, grass-crop area, 13 Apr. 2023, G. Aragón & al. 1250 (MACB).

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

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We thank Marina Vicente and Marcos Giménez for assistance during fieldwork.

AUTHORSHIP CONTRIBUTION STATEMENT

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Gregorio Aragón: Conceptualization, Data curation, Investigation, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing. Gil Fernando GIMÉNEZ: Data curation, Investigation, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing. Valerie NEGRÓN: Data curation, Investigation, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing.

REFERENCES

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1 

Ancochea E., Barrera J.L., Bellido F., Benito R., Brändle J.L., Cebriá J.M., Coello J., Cubas C. R., De La Nuez J., Doblas M., Gómez J.A., Hernán F., Herrera R., Huertas M.J., López Ruiz J., Martí J., Muñoz M. & Sagredo J. 2004. Canarias y el vulcanismo neógeno peninsular. InVeraJ.A. (ed.), Geología de España: 635-682. Sociedad Geológica de España - Instituto Geológico y Minero de España, Madrid.

2 

Arcadia, L. 2023. Lichen flora of Greece, including lichenicolous fungi. https://www.lichensofgreece.com/flora.pdf

3 

Becerra-Ramírez R., Gosálvez R.U., Escobar E., González E., Serrano-Patón M. & Guevara D. 2020. Characterization and geotourist resources of the Campo de Calatrava Volcanic Region (Ciudad Real, Castilla-La Mancha, Spain) to develop a UNESCO global geopark project. Geosciences 10: 441.

4 

Breuss O. & John V. 2004. New and interesting records of lichens from Turkey. Österreichische Zeitschrift fur Pilzkunzde 13: 281-294.

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