Ten new species of Telipogon (Orchidaceae, Oncidiinae) from southern Peru

Nauray Huari, W. & Galán de Mera, A. 2008. Ten new species of Telipogon (Orchidaceae, Oncidiinae) from southern Peru. Anales Jard. Bot. Madrid 65(1): 73-95. Ten new species of Telipogon, T. antisuyuensis, T. austroperuvianus, T. casadevalliae, T. farfanii, T. javiercastroviejoi, T. kosnipatensis, T. marleneae, T. mesotropicalis, T. santiagocastroviejoi, and T. tupayachii are described and illustrated. These are terrestrial or epiphytes of the montane humid forests from Andean valleys of southern Peru. Diagnostic morphological characters are discussed for each species. A key is provided for the species of the genus found in southern Peru. The number of Telipogon species currently recognized for the Peruvian flora is 46.

The taxonomy of the genus is complicated, especially because of the large extent of this country, the rare populations, and the few species records.For this reason, for the moment we have limited our study to the specimens collected in the Andean valleys of the Department of Cusco in southern Peru.
Observations: Specimens of this new species have previously been misindentified as T. papilio Rchb. f. & Warsz. (e.g. Vargas 4140a;Núñez 12390).Examination of the holotype of T. papilio (W!) shows it to be a distinct species that is not currently known from southern Peru.Telipogon antisuyuensis differs from the former in the transverse elliptical lip; the callus conspicuous, cordiform and hirsute, and the column bristles with an acuminate apex.Telipogon antisuyuen-W.Nauray Huari & A. Galán de Mera sis is close to T. vasquezii Dodson (holotype SEL!) from Bolivia, but differs in the high number of petal nerves, the larger and transverse lip, and the column bristles not bifid at the apex.Telipogon antisuyuensis is similar to other species of Peru, Ecuador and Colombia but differs in the size of flowers, the nerve number of the petals and the lip, and the presence of callus.Telipogon rhombipetalus C. Schweinf.(holotype F!) has smaller flowers, the petals 15 to16-nerved, and the lip 19-nerved without callus.Telipogon semipictus Rchb.f. ex Kraenzl.(holotype W!) has smaller flowers lacking callus but with the swollen base, the petals 11nerved, and the lip 17-nerved.Telipogon ortizii Dodson & R. Escobar also lacks a callus and has smaller flowers, and concolorous purple petals, not whitish turning lemon yellowish towards the margin.Distribution and ecology: Telipogon austroperuvianus is found in cloud forest at 2600 m; it flowers between March and July.
Observations: Telipogon austroperuvianus is distinguished by the petals which are broadly rhombic, 9nerved, and the lip transversely obovate, and 13nerved.It is similar to some species from northern South America, such as T. semipictus from Colombia and T. andicola Rchb.f. from Colombia, Ecuador and Venezuela (holotype W!, isotype K!).The specimens cited above have been misidentified as T. semipictus, but examination of the holotype (W!) shows it to be a distinct species from which this new species differs in its larger flowers, fewer nerves on the petals and lip, and the lip with longer and thicker red purplish veins.From T. andicola it differs in its larger flowers, more nerves on the petals and the lip, and the coloured veins of the petals that do not reach the distal half.Telipogon austroperuvianus is also related to the Ecuadorian T. lehmannii Schltr.(lectotype K!), but it differs in the size of the flowers and the characters from the petals, and the lip.According to Schlechter (1920) T. lehmannii has petals 1.7 × 1.4 cm, 11nerved, and the lip 1.65 × 1.8 cm, 19-nerved.29'' S, 71º 35' 35'' W, 2800m, 24 Jan. 2007, M. Mamani 867 (holotype, CUZ;isotypes, HGI, MOL).
Etymology: Named in honor of Dr. Margarida Casadevall Masso, Professor at the University of Gerona.

Telipogon javiercastroviejoi
Etymology: Named in honor of Dr. Javier Castroviejo Bolibar, from Asociación Amigos del Coto de Doñana, Seville, promoter of the cooperation in biodiversity research between Spain and Latin America.
Distribution and ecology: T. javiercastroviejoi grows in the limit between the elfin forests and the humid Puna (3000-3500 m).It flowers between April and July.Observations: Telipogon javiercastroviejoi is distinguished by the callus apex dorso-ventrally split, a good morphological feature that is in contrast to other caulescent species.It differs from the Bolivian species T. benedicti Rchb.f. (holotype W!) in its shorter column and bristles, and from T. boissierianus Rchb.f. (holotype G!) with its larger leaves, the smaller flowers, and the absence of reticulated purple veins from the petals and the lip.Telipogon javiercastroviejoi is similar to the Colombian and Ecuadorian T. venustus Schltr., from which it mainly differs in the characters of the callus and the column.In T. venustus, the  callus is glabrous, the column is completely bald, and the lip is obovate (Schlechter, 1920).We were not able to study an additional voucher determined as T. venustus from Cusco, collected by Núñez 7710 and deposited at MO; we believe that because of the geographic distance this species is not found in southern Peru, and that this specimen may also be T. javiercastroviejoi.Illustrations: Fig. 8 and 3f.
Etymology: Named in honor of M. Sc.Alfredo Tupayachi Herrera, professor and botanist at the Universidad Nacional de San Antonio Abad del Cusco.
Observations: Telipogon tupayachii differs to T. phuyupatamarcensis W. Galiano, P. Núñez & A. Tupayachi (holotype CUZ!) in the petals and lip with purplish veins branched towards the margin and transverse purplish lines, the sagittate-conical callus and the column with longer and denser hairs.Material of T. tupayachii was included in the holotype material of T. phuyupatamarcensis.The flowers of T. tupayachii are reminescent of the genus Trichoceros Kunth, but the plants are caulescent without pseudobulbs.

Additional remarks and conclusions
After the description of these new species, it seems that T. benedicti, T. boissierianus, T. papilio, T. tessellatus, and T. venustus are not present in southern Peru.Telipogon benedicti grows in Bolivia, and the Peruvian records are based on misidentifications and/or a broad concept of the species.The holotype of T. boissierianus has no specific locality in Peru, and is known only from this collection.The distribution of T. papilio includes Colombia, Ecuador and northern Peru; however, the records for these species in Cusco correspond to T. antisuyuensis and T. peruvianus T. Hashim.(holotype TNS!).At present, T. tessellatus is only registered for Ecuador; the description by Dodson & Bennett, (1989) for Peru is very different from the holotype.An additional revision indicates that T. cuscoensis Nauray & Christenson (holotype CUZ!) is synonymous of T. phalaenopis Braas, the flowers are very similar, even their columns have lateral bristles with capitate apex.As a result of these observations, the total number of Telipogon species (sensu stricto) recognized for the Peruvian flora is 46 (see Appendix).
Miquel Jover and Marta Doncel for their assistance in this study.Andrea Galán and Josh Rapp helped with linguistic assistance, and M. Laínz corrected Latin diagnoses.Finally, we thank the park rangers of Machu Picchu and Manu protected areas.

Fig. 1 .
Fig. 1.Map of the oriental valleys of the Department of Cusco.The circles represent the localities where the specimens were collected.

Fig. 2 .
Fig. 2. Telipogon antisuyuensis: a, habit; b, column and callus in lateral view; c, column bristles; d, column and callus in front view; e, pollinarium in dorsal view; f, pollinarium in ventral view; g, ovary and sepals in dorsal view; h, anther in front view; i, anther in ventral view; j, dissected perianth.All drawn from Nauray et al. 3754 (HGI).

Fig. 5 .
Fig. 5. Telipogon casadevalliae: a, habit; b, leaf apex; c, column bristles; d, flower in front view; e, column and callus in front view; f, column and callus in lateral view; g, anther in ventral view; h, anther in dorsal view; i, pollinarium in dorsal view; j, pollinarium in ventral view; k, ovary and sepals in dorsal view.All drawn from Mamani 867 (HGI).

Fig. 6 .
Fig. 6.Telipogon farfanii: a, habit; b, leaf apex; c, anther in ventral view; d, anther in dorsal view; e, flower in front view; f, ovary and sepals in dorsal view; g, pollinarium in dorsal view; h, pollinarium in front view; i, separate petals and lip; j, column bristles; k, column and callus in lateral view; l, column and callus in front view.All drawn from Moscoso et al.MP-33 (HGI).

Fig. 7 .
Fig. 7. Telipogon javiercastroviejoi: a, habit; b, section of peduncle; c, ovary and sepals in dorsal view; d, flower in front view; e, column and callus in front view; f, column and callus in lateral view; g, column bristles; h, dissected perianth; i, pollinarium in ventral view; j, pollinarium in dorsal view; k, anther in dorsal view; l, anther in ventral view.All drawn from Nauray & Mamani 3767 (HGI).

:
Named in honor of Marlene Mamani Solorzano, botanist of the Universidad Nacional San Antonio Abad del Cusco, scientific researcher of the Peruvian flora and vegetation.Distribution and ecology: Telipogon marleneae is found in cloud forest (3550 m) on Polylepis pauta Hieron.(Rosaceae).It flowers in April.

Fig. 8 .
Fig. 8. Telipogon kosnipatensis: a, habit; b, section of peduncle; c, leaf apex; d, dissected perianth; e, flower in front view; f, flower in dorsal view; g, column bristles; h, column and callus in front view; i, column and callus in lateral view; j, pollinarium in dorsal view; k, pollinarium in front view; l, anther in front view; m, anther in ventral view.All drawn from Farfán TU-09 (HGI).

Fig. 9 .
Fig. 9. Telipogon marleneae: a, habit; b, anther in ventral view; c, anther in front view; d, dissected perianth; e, pollinarium in front view; f, pollinarium in ventral view; g, column and callus in lateral view; h, column and callus in front view; i, column bristles; j, flower in front view.All drawn from Nauray 3761 & Farfán (HGI).

:
Named in honor of Dr. Santiago Castroviejo Bolibar, botanist and researcher of the Neotropical Flora at the Real Jardín Botánico, Madrid.Distribution and ecology: Telipogon santiagocastroviejoi is found in the cloud forest (2800 m) on Aegiphila mortoni Moldenke (Verbenaceae), Barnadesia horrida Muschl.(Asteraceae) and Myrsine sp.(Myrsinaceae).It flowers in April.Observations: Telipogon santiagocastroviejoi is distinguished by the petals and lip coloured with veins reticulated, thicker towards the margin, the transverse petals, and the callus sagittate-cordiform, convex, and narrow toward the apex.It is similar to the other sympatric species T. tessellatus Lindl.(holotype K!), T. jimburensis Dodson & R. Escobar, and T. thomasii Dodson & R. Escobar, but differs in the different characters of the petals, lip, callus, and column.In T.

Fig. 12 .
Fig. 12. Telipogon santiagocastroviejoi: a, habit; b, column and callus in front view; c, column bristles; d, flower in front view; e, pollinarium in front view; f, pollinarium in ventral view; g, column and callus in lateral view; h, anther in front view; i, anther in ventral view; j, dissected perianth; k, flower and ovary in lateral view.All drawn from Nauray 3764 & Farfán (HGI).
Named in honor of William Farfán Ríos, biologist of the Universidad San Antonio Abad del Cusco, scientific researcher of Peruvian orchids.
Ten new species of Telipogon from southern Peru secunda item differens labello et lateralibus petalis non reticularis.