Myxomycete diversity in the coastal desert of Peru with emphasis on the lomas formations
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.3989/ajbm.2436Keywords:
Amoebozoa, arid ecoregion, distribution, endemic plants, Eumycetozoa, myxobiota, Myxogastria, plasmodial slime mouldsAbstract
Results obtained from the first survey for myxomycetes in the hyperarid areas of Peru are reported. Sampling over three consecutive years was carried out at 96 localities between 0 and 1500 m elevation. A total of 78 species from 23 genera in all 6 myxomycete orders were determined from 723 collections of myxomycetes. One new species, Didymium peruvianum, is described, 2 species new to the Neotropics, 4 new records for South America and 41 additional new species for Peru are reported, increasing the country catalogue by over 50%. Results show that arid areas are rich in myxomycetes, and that each area has a unique species assemblage. Endemic plants had a particular relevance as myxomycete substrates. The predominance of the order Physarales in arid areas is reinforced, and the ecological importance of coastal fogs (garúas) is evident from the results. Comments are included on interesting or rare collections, as are SEM micrographs of several species and statistical evaluation of the results.
Downloads
References
Bezerra, A.C.C., de Lima, V.X., Tenorio, J.C.G. & Cavalcanti, L.H. 2014. Myxomycetes in Alagoas state (Brazil) and notes on its distribution. Biotemas 27(3): 13-22. http://dx.doi.org/10.5007/2175-7925.2014v27n3p13
Camino, M., Stephenson, S.L., Krivomaz, T., Wrigley de Basanta, D., Lado, C. & Estrada-Torres, A. 2008. Biodiversity survey for myxomycetes in the mountains of central Cuba. Revista Mexicana de Micología 27: 39-51.
Cavalcanti, L.H. 2002. Biodiversidade e distribuição de mixomicetos em ambientes naturais e antropogênicos no Brasil: espécies ocorrentes nas Regiões Norte e Nordeste. In: Araújo, E.L. & al. (eds.). Biodiversidade, Conservaçao e Uso Sustentável da Flora do Brasil. UFPE. Sociedade Botânica do Brasil, Recife, pp. 209-216.
Cavalcanti, L.H. 2010. Stemonitales. In: Forzza & al. (eds.). Catálogo de plantas e fungos do Brasil. 1: 100-102. Rio de Janeiro.
Clark, J.D. & Landolt, J.C. 2001. Myxomycete biosystematics: various Didymium and Physarum species. Nova Hedwigia 73(3-4): 437-444.
Colwell, R.K. 2013. EstimateS, version 9.1: Statistical Estimation of Species Richness and Shared Species from Samples. Available from http://viceroy.eeb.uconn.edu/estimates/
Colwell, R.K. & Coddington. J.A. 1994. Estimating terrestrial biodiversity through extrapolation. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society, Series B 345: 101-118. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.1994.0091 PMid:7972351
Colwell, R.K., Mao, C.X. & Chang, J. 2004. Interpolating, extrapolating, and comparing incidence-based species accumulation curves. Ecology 85: 2717–2727. http://dx.doi.org/10.1890/03-0557
Dillon, M.O. 1997. Lomas formations Peru. In: Davis, S.D. & al. (eds.). Centres of plant diversity. Vol. 3. The Americas. IUCN Publication Unit. Cambridge, U.K., pp. 519-527.
Dillon, M.O., Leiva González, S., Zapata Cruz, M., Lezama Asencio, P. & Quipuscoa Silvestre, V. 2011. Floristic Checklist of the Peruvian Lomas Formations. Catálogo florístico de las Lomas peruanas. Arnaldoa 18(1): 7-32.
Esqueda, M., Lizárraga, M., Gutiérrez, A., Coronado, M.L., Valenzuela, R., Raymundo, T., Chacón, S., Vargas, G. & Barredo-Pool, F. 2011. Diversidad fúngica en planicies del desierto central sonorense y centro del desierto chihuahuense. Informe final SNIB-CONABIO Proyecto GT016, México, D.F. PMCid:PMC3768910
Estrada-Torres, A., Lado, C. & Rodríguez-Palma, M. 2001. Two new species of Myxomycetes from a tropical deciduous forest of Mexico. Mycologia 93(4): 744-750. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3761829
Estrada-Torres, A., Wrigley de Basanta, D., Conde, E. & Lado, C. 2009. Myxomycetes associated with dryland ecosystems of the Tehuacán- Cuicatlán Valley Biosphere Reserve, Mexico. Fungal Diversity 36: 17-56.
Farr, M.L. 1968. An illustrated key to the Myxomycetes of South America, with special reference to Brasil. Rickia 3: 45-88.
Farr, M.L. 1976. Myxomycetes. Flora Neotropica 16: 1-305.
Gómez-Sosa, E. 1986. Astragalus neobarnebyanus (Leguminosae): A New Species from Peru. Brittonia 38(4): 427- 429. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2807094
Gottsberger, G. 1968. Myxomycetes aus Bahia und Goiás. Nova Hedwigia 15: 361-368.
Henney, M.R., Alexopoulos, C.J. & Scheetz, R.W. 1980. Didymium atrichum, a new Myxomycete from South-Central Texas. Mycotaxon 11(1): 150-164.
Jiménez-Valverde J. & Hortal, J. 2003. Las curvas de acumulación de especies y la necesidad de evaluar la calidad de los inventarios biológicos. Revista Ibérica de Aracnología 8: 151-161.
Keller, H.W. 1970. Didymium saturnus, a new Myxomycete occurring on straw stacks. Mycologia 62(5): 1061-1066. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3757619
Kirk, P.M., Cannon, P.F., Minter, D.W. & Stalpers, J.A. 2011. Dictionary of the Fungi. CABI International. Oxon, UK.
Kowalski, D.T. 1969. A new coprophillous species of Didymium. Mycologia 61(3): 635-639. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3757253
Kowalski, D.T. 1972. Squamuloderma: a new genus of Myxomycetes. Mycologia 64(6): 1282-1289. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3757965
Lado, C. 2005-2015. Nomen.eumycetozoa.com. An online nomenclatural information system of Eumycetozoa. Real Jardín Botánico, CSIC. Madrid, Spain. Available from: http://www.nomen.eumycetozoa.com (accessed: 10 July 2015).
Lado, C., Estrada-Torres, A. & Stephenson, S.L. 2007. Myxomycetes collected in the first phase of a north-south transect of Chile. Fungal Diversity 25: 81-101.
Lado, C., Mosquera, J. & Beltrán-Tejera, E. 1999. Cribraria zonatispora, development of a new myxomycete with unique spores. Mycologia 91(1): 157-165. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3761205
Lado, C., Mosquera, J., Estrada-Torres, A. & Wrigley de Basanata, D. 2007. Description and culture of a new succulenticolous Didymium (Myxomycetes). Mycologia 99(4): 602-611. http://dx.doi.org/10.3852/mycologia.99.4.602 PMid:18065011
Lado, C. & Wrigley de Basanta, D. 2008. A review of Neotropical Myxomycetes 1828-2008). Anales del Jardín Botánico de Madrid 65(2): 211-254. http://dx.doi.org/10.3989/ajbm.2008.v65.i2.293
Lado, C., Wrigley de Basanta, D. & Estrada-Torres, A. 2011. Biodiversity of Myxomycetes from the Monte Desert of Argentina. Anales del Jardín Botánico de Madrid 68(1): 61-95. http://dx.doi.org/10.3989/ajbm.2266
Lado, C., Wrigley de Basanta, D., Estrada-Torres, A., García Carvajal, E., Aguilar, M. & Hernández, J.C. 2009. Description of a new species of Perichaena (Myxomycetes) from arid areas of Argentina. Anales del Jardín Botánico de Madrid 66(1): 63-70. http://dx.doi.org/10.3989/ajbm.2229
Lado, C., Wrigley de Basanta, D., Estrada-Torres, A. & García-Carvajal, E. 2014. Myxomycete diversity of the Patagonian Steppe and bordering areas in Argentina. Anales del Jardín Botánico de Madrid 71: e006 (1-35).
Lado, C., Wrigley de Basanta, D., Estrada-Torres, A. & Stephenson, S.L. 2013. The biodiversity of myxomycetes in central Chile. Fungal Diversity 59: 3-32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13225-012-0159-8
Leiva González, S., Zapata Cruz, M., Gayoso Bazán, G., Chang Chávez, L., Dillon, M.O. & Quipuscoa Silvestre, V. 2014. Diversidad Florística de la Loma Cerro Campana, Provincia Trujillo, Departamento La Libertad- Perú. Arnaldoa 21(1): 187-220.
Lister, G. 1931. New species of Mycetozoa from Japan. Journal of Botany 69: 297-298.
Lizárraga, M., Moreno, G., Esqueda, M., Salazar-Márquez, C. & Coronado, M.L. 2015. Myxomycetes of Sonora (Mexico) 6. Central plains of the Sonoran Desert. Mycotaxon 130: 145-164. http://dx.doi.org/10. 5248/130.145
Martin, G.W. & Alexopoulos, C.J. 1969. The Myxomycetes. Univ. Iowa Press. Iowa
McHugh, R. 2005. Moist Chamber Culture and Field Collections of Myxomycetes from Ecuador. Mycotaxon 91: 107-118.
McHugh, R. 2009. Field and moist chamber collections of Paraguay myxomycetes. Karstenia 48: 49-56.
Moreno, G., Lizárraga, M. & Illana, C. 1997. A rare Didymium from Mexico (Myxomycetes). Cryptogamie Mycologie 18(4): 327-331.
Moreno, G., Lizárraga, M. & Illana, C. 2007. Catálogo de los Myxomycetes de México. Boletín de la Sociedad Micológica de Madrid 31: 187-229.
Moreno, G., Castillo, A., Deschamps, J.R. & Hladki, A.I. 2012. Critical revision of some Myxomycetes kept at the Buenos Aires BAFC Herbarium and Tucumán LIL Herbarium. II. Boletín de la Sociedad Micológica de Madrid 36: 81-92.
Morrone, J.J. 2004. La Zona de Transición Sudamericana: Caracterización y relevancia evolutiva. Acta Entomológica Chilena 28: 41-50.
Mosquera, J., Lado, C., Estrada-Torres, A., Beltrán-Tejera, E. & Wrigley de Basanta, D. 2003. Description and Culture of a new Myxomycete, Licea succulenticola. Anales del Jardín Botánico de Madrid 60(1): 3-10.
Nannenga-Bremekamp, N.E. 1966. Notes on Myxomycetes XI. Some new species of Stemonitis, Comatricha, Badhamia, Physarum, Diderma and Didymium. Proceedings Konienklijke Nederlandse Akademie van Wetenschappen Series C 69(3): 350-363.
Nannenga-Bremekamp, N.E. 1975. De Nederlandse Myxomyceten. Bibliotheek van de Koninklijke Nederlandse Natuurhistorische Vereniging 18: 1-440.
Nannenga-Bremekamp, N.E. 1989. Notes on myxomycetes XXIII. Proceedings Konienklijke Nederlandse Akademie van Wetenschappen Series C 92(4): 505-515.
Nannenga-Bremekamp, N.E. 1991. A guide to temperate Myxomycetes. Biopress Limited. Bristol.
Nannenga-Bremekamp, N.E., Mukerji, K.G. & Pasricha, R. 1984. Notes on Indian Myxomycetes. Three new species, and comments on others Proceedings Konienklijke Nederlandse Akademie van Wetenschappen Series C 87(4): 471-482.
Neubert, H., Nowotny, W. & Baumann, K. 1995. Die Myxomyceten Deutschland und des angrenzenden Alpenraumes unter besonderer Berücksichtigung Österreichs. Band 2. Physarales. Karlheinz Baumann Verlag, Gomaringen.
Novozhilov, Y.K., Zemlyanskaya, I.V., Schnittler, M. & Stephenson, S.L. 2006. Myxomycete diversity and ecology in the arid regions of the Lower Volga River Basin (Russia). Fungal Diversity 23: 193-241.
Oltra, M. 2003. Contribución al conocimiento de los Myxomycetes de la provincia de Valencia (Espa-a). VI. Butlletí Societat Micològica Valenciana 7: 3-34.
Patouillard, N. & Lagerheim, G. de 1895. Champignons de l'Equateur (Pugillus V). Bulletin de la Société Mycologique de France 11: 205-234.
Poulain, M., Meyer, M. & Bozonnet, J. 2011. Les Myxomycètes. Tome 1. Guide de détermination. Fédération mycologique et botanique Dauphiné- Savoie. Sevrier.
Rammeloo, J. 1975. Structure of the epispore in the Stemonitales (Myxomycetes) as seen with the scanning electron microscope. Bulletin del Jarin. Botanique National de Belgique 45: 301-306. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3667483
Rojas, C., Morales, R.E., Calderón I. & Clerc, P. 2013. First records of myxomycetes from El Salvador. Mycosphere 4(6): 1042-1051.
Rojas, C., Schnittler, M., Biffi, D. & Stephenson, S.L. 2008. Microhabitat and niche separation in species of Ceratiomyxa. Mycologia 100(6): 843-850. http://dx.doi.org/10.3852/07-197 http://dx.doi.org/10.3852/07-197
Rojas, C., Schnittler, M. & Stephenson, S.L. 2010. A review of the Costa Rican myxomycetes (Amebozoa). Brenesia 73-74: 39-57.
Rojas, C., Stephenson, S.L. & Pavlich, M. 2011. New additions to the myxobiota of Peru. Mycosphere 2(5): 583-592. http://dx.doi.org/10.5943/ mycosphere/2/5/8
Rossman, A.Y., Tulloss, R.E., O'Dell, T.E. & Thorn, R.G. 1998. Protocols for an all taxa biodiversity inventory of Fungi in a costa rican conservation area. Parkway Oublishers, Inc. Boone, North Carolina.
Rudolphi, F. 1829. Plantarum vel novarum vel minus cognitarum descriptiones. Linnaea 4: 114-120.
Rundel, P.W., Dillon, M.O., Palma, B., Mooney, H.A., Gulmon, S.L. & Ehleringer, J.R. 1991. The Phytogeography and Ecology of the Coastal Atacama and Peruvian Deserts. Aliso 13(1): 1-49.
Salazar-Márquez, C., Lizárraga, M. & Moreno, G. 2014. Myxomycetes de matorral xerófilo del municipio de Juárez, Chihuahua, México. Boletín de la Sociedad Micológica de Madrid 38: 67-77.
Schnittler, M. 2001. Ecology of myxomycetes of a winter-cold desert in western Kazakhstan. Mycologia 93(4): 653-669. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3761820
Schnittler, M. & Stephenson, S.L. 2002. Inflorescences of Neotropical herbs as a newly discovered microhabitat for myxomycetes. Mycologia 94(1): 6-20. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3761841 PMid:21156473
Schnittler, M., Lado, C. & Stephenson, S.L. 2002. Rapid biodiversity assessment of a tropical myxomycete assemblage-Maquipucuna Cloud Forest Reserve, Ecuador. Fungal Diversity 9: 135-167.
Schnittler, M., Novozhilov, Y.K., Carvajal, E. & Spiegel, F.W. 2013. Myxomycete diversity in the Tarim basin and eastern Tian-Shan, Xinjiang Prov., China. Fungal Diversity 59: 91-108. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13225-012-0186-5
Stephenson, S.L. 1989. Distribution and eology of myxomycetes in temperate forests. II. Patterns of occurrence on bark surface of living trees, leaf litter, and dung. Mycologia 81: 608-621. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3760136
Stephenson, S.L. & Mitchell, D. 1994. Notes on tropical Myxomycetes. I. Collections from Ecuador and Peru. Micología Neotropical Aplicada 7: 17-21.
Stephenson, S.L., Schnittler, M. & Lado, C. 2004. Ecological characterization of a tropical myxomycete assemblage - Maquipucuna Cloud Forest Reserve, Ecuador. Mycologia 96(3): 488-497. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3762169 PMid:21148872
Stephenson, S.L., Kalyanasundaran, I. & Lakhanpal, T.N. 1993. A biogeographical comparative study of myxomycetes in the mid-Appalachians in the esastern North America and two regions of India. Journal of Biogeography 20: 645-657. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2845520
Weberbauer, A. 1945. El mundo vegetal de los Andes peruanos […] Nueva edición. Lima: Estación Experimental Agrícola de La Molina. Dirección de Agricultura. Ministerio de Agricultura.
Whitney, K.D. & Keller, H.W. 1982. A new species of Badhamia, with notes on Physarum bogoriense. Mycologia 74(4): 619-624. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3792750
Whitney, K.D. & Olive, L.S. 1983. A new Didymium from Rarotonga. Cook Islands. Mycologia 75(4): 628-633. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3792992
Wrigley de Basanta, D. 2004. The effect of simulated acid rain on corticolous myxomycetes. Systematic and Geography of Plants 74: 175-181.
Wrigley de Basanta, D. & Lado, C. 2005. A taxonomic evaluation of the stipitate Licea species. Fungal Diversity 20: 261-314.
Wrigley de Basanta, D., Lado, C. & Estrada-Torres, A. 2008b) Morphology and life cycle of a new species of Didymium (Myxomycetes) from arid areas of Mexico. Mycologia 100(6): 921-929. http://dx.doi.org/10.3852/07-168 PMid:19202846
Wrigley de Basanta, D., Lado, C. & Estrada-Torres, A. 2010a) Licea eremophila, a new myxomycete from arid areas of South America. Mycologia 102(5): 1185-1192. http://dx.doi.org/10.3852/09-309 PMid:20943518
Wrigley de Basanta, D., Lado, C. & Estrada-Torres, A. 2011. Spore to spore culture of Didymium operculatum, a new myxomycete from the Atacama Desert of Chile. Mycologia 103(4): 895-903. http://dx.doi.org/10.3852/10-363 PMid:21262984
Wrigley de Basanta, D., Lado, C. & Estrada-Torres, A. 2012. Description and life cycle of a new Physarum (Myxomycetes) from the Atacama Desert in Chile. Mycologia 104(5): 1206-1212. http://dx.doi.org/10.3852/11-427 PMid:22492409
Wrigley de Basanta, D., Lado, C., Estrada-Torres, A. & Stephenson, S.L. 2009. Description and life cycle of a new Didymium (Myxomycetes) from arid areas of Argentina and Chile. Mycologia 101(5): 707-716. http://dx.doi.org/10.3852/08-227 PMid:19750951
Wrigley de Basanta, D., Lado, C., Estrada-Torres, A. & Stephenson, S.L. 2010b) Biodiversity of myxomycetes in subantarctic forests of Patagonia and Tierra del Fuego, Argentina. Nova Hedwigia 90: 45–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1127/0029-5035/2010/0090-0045
Wrigley de Basanta, D., Lado, C., García-Martín, J.M. & Estrada- Torres, A. 2015. Didymium xerophilum, a new myxomycete from the tropical Andes. Mycologia 107(1): 157-168. http://dx.doi.org/10.3852/14-058 PMid:25232071
Wrigley de Basanta, D., Stephenson, S.L., Lado, C., Estrada-Torres, A. & Nieves-Rivera, A.M. 2008a) Lianas as a microhabitat for myxomycetes in tropical forests. Fungal Diversity 28: 109-125.
Zar, J.H. 1996. Biostatistical analysis. Prentice Hall, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ.
Zúñiga de Acleto, R. 2010. Registro preliminar de Myxomycetos en la selva central del Perú. Biotempo 10: 15-17.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2016 Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
© CSIC. Manuscripts published in both the printed and online versions of this Journal are the property of Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, and quoting this source is a requirement for any partial or full reproduction.All contents of this electronic edition, except where otherwise noted, are distributed under a “Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International” (CC BY 4.0) License. You may read here the basic information and the legal text of the license. The indication of the CC BY 4.0 License must be expressly stated in this way when necessary.
Self-archiving in repositories, personal webpages or similar, of any version other than the published by the Editor, is not allowed.
