New species and combinations of Apocynaceae , Bignoniaceae , Clethraceae , and Cunoniaceae from the Neotropics

Mandevilla arenicola J.F.Morales sp. nov. from Brazil, Clethra secazu J.F.Morales sp. nov. from Costa Rica, and Weinmannia abstrusa J.F.Morales sp. nov. from Honduras are described and illustrated and their relationships with morphologically related species are discussed. Lectotypes are designated for Anemopaegma tonduzianum Kraenzl., Bignonia sarmentosa var. hirtella Benth. and Paragonia pyramidata var. tomentosa Bureau & K. Schum., as well as these last two names have been combined. Resumen. Se describen e ilustran Mandevilla arenicola J.F.Morales sp. nov. de Brasil, Clethra secazu J.F.Morales sp. nov. de Costa Rica y Weinmannia abstrusa J.F.Morales sp. nov. de Honduras y se discuten sus relaciones con otras especies de morfología semejante. Se designan lectotipos para Anemopaegma tonduzianum Kraenzl., Bignonia sarmentosa var. hirtella Benth. and Paragonia pyramidata var. tomentosa Bureau & K.Schum., así como también se combinan estos dos últimos nombres. Morales J.F. 2018. New species and combinations of Apocynaceae, Bignoniaceae, Clethraceae, and Cunoniaceae from the Neotropics. Anales del Jardín Botánico de Madrid 75 (2): e071. https://doi.org/10.3989/ajbm.2499 Title in Spanish: Nuevas especies y combinaciones de Apocynaceae, Bignoniaceae, Clethraceae y Cunoniaceae del neotrópico. Received: 18‒I‒2018; accepted: 15‒VI‒2018; published online: 14‒XI‒2018; Associate Editor: J.M. Cardiel.


INTRODUCTION
Major flora projects in the Neotropics have been led by American or European Institutions, publishing treatments in English.However, in the last 35 years, several major projects in Spanish or Portuguese have been developed.Among them, the Manual of Plants of Costa Rica is the first comprehensive Spanish-language account of the Costa Rican flora, coordinated by the Missouri Botanical Garden.The Project began in 1987 and seven volumes have been published (Hammel & al. 2003a(Hammel & al. , 2003b(Hammel & al. , 2004(Hammel & al. , 2007(Hammel & al. , 2010(Hammel & al. , 2014(Hammel & al. , 2015)).The last volume is expected to be published in 2019.
Flora Mesoamericana, the first major regional flora written in Spanish, is a collaborative project of the Missouri Botanical Garden the Instituto de Biología of the National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), the Natural History Museum, London, and numerous specialists worldwide.A total of nine volumes are expected, of which four are already published (Davide & al. 1994(Davide & al. , 2009(Davide & al. , 2012(Davide & al. , 2015)).
In Brazil, a major initiative to produce a treatment of the Brazilian flora in Portuguese and English was initiated several years ago.In 2010, the first Catalog of Plants and Fungi of Brazil was released (Forzza & al. 2010).The taxonomic treatment is expected to be published around 2020.
Working for these projects, several novelties in Apocynaceae Juss., Clethraceae Klotzsch, and Cunoniaceae R.Br. have been found, which are described here.Two combinations of Bignoniaceae Juss.are published.

MATERIAL AND METHODS
Type collections and material from the following herbaria was studied: CR, EAP, G, INPA, K, MO, NY, P, R, S, TEFH, US, and USJ.Fieldwork was done in Brazil, Costa Rica, and Honduras in order to study flowers and take photographs.The descriptions of the morphological structures follow Font Quer (1953), Radford &al. (1974), andHarris &Harris (1994).In Mandevilla Lindl., parts of the corolla tube follow Morales & Fuentes (2004).

Mandevilla arenicola
Etimology.-Thespecies name refers to the habitat where it grows -white sand formations.
Distribution and habitat.-Endemic to northern Brazil -Amazonas and Para states-, growing on white sand formations -campina or campirana-; 50-100 m a.s.l.Flowering: April, June, July, and October.Fruiting: June.
Remarks.-The specimen Hinds s.n.-K000449689-is selected as the lectotype of Bignonia sarmentosa var.hirtella because it is more representative than the other duplicate -K000449688-.The specimen Tonduz 13912 deposited at the National Herbarium of Costa Rica -CRis choosen as the lectotype of Anemopaegma tonduzianum because it is best preserved in comparison with the remaining duplicates.
Etimology.-Thename is an anagram of the type locality, Cerros de Escazú.
Distribution and habitat.-Endemic to Costa Rica, growing in montane and premontane wet forest; 1400-2100 m a.s.l.Flowering: May, September, and October.Fruiting: from September to December.

Cunoniaceae
Weinmannia L. comprises ca.160 species distributed in the tropics and subtropics (Rogers 2002;Morales 2010a; Fuentes & Rogers 2010).In the New World, it is more diverse in the Andes, with few species present in Mexico and Central America (Harling 1999;Morales 2005bMorales , 2010b)).During the preparation of the Cunoniaceae for the Flora Mesoamericana, several specimens from Honduras with leaves with more than 17 leaflets and subentire to slightly crenate leaf blade were provisionally included in Weinmannia fagaroides Kunth by Morales (2010b).After field work in the last five years and the study in detail of preserved flowers, the material from Honduras is proposed as a new species.
Etimology.-Thename comes from the Latin abstrusus, -a, -um, hidden, concealed, having been concealed.It refers to the fact that this species has been collected in isolated areas fo the Celaque National Park.
Distribution and habitat.-Endemic to Honduras, growing in dense mixed cloud forest and mixed Pinus-Quercus-Persea forest; 2450-2900 m a.s.l.